Anatomical Organisation Of The CVS Flashcards
Overview of the general functions of blood?
Transportation, regulation and protection
Tissues of the Heart?
Out to in:
- fibrous pericardium (pericardial sac)
- parietal layer of serous pericardium (pericardial sac)
- pericardial cavity (serous fluid)
- visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
The structure of the capillary?
Out to in:
- basement membrane
- endothelial cells (enable diffusion)
Structure of the cardiac muscles?
Out to in:
- sarcolemma
- transverse tubules (T)
- sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
- sacromere; Z discs, I and A band and H zone
- myofibrils (made of myofilaments)
- desmosomes and gap junctions for communication
Vascular anatomy: the sizes of the vessels
Ascending aorta 25mm Muscular artery 4mm Arteriole 20um Capillary 5um Venule 20um Vein 5mm Vena Cava 30mm
General structure of an arterial blood vessel?
Tunica adventitia, media and intima
Vaso vasorum, nerve, collagen au, external elastic lamina, smooth muscle, internal elastic lamina, basement membrane (collage IV, laminin), endothelium (connects to ECM via intergrin at focal contact
(Connective tissue in tunica media; collagen I 80%, collagen III 20% and elastin)
General structure of the 3 types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries and veins
Out to in:
Arteries: - external elastic mem, smooth muscle, internal elastic mem, lumen, endothelium
Veins: - the same as an artery but with a valve
Capillary: - made with only endothelium
Overview of the cardiovascular system involving the veins, artery and capillaries?
- trunk arteries
- hepatic artery
- splenic artery
- mesenteric arteries
- portal vein
- efferent and afferent arterioles
- pelvic and leg arteries
- resistance arteries
- vena cava and aorta
- bronchial arteries
- arm arteries
- head and neck arteries
The full structure of the heart?
- left and right atria
- left and right ventricles
- bicuspid (mitral) valve
- tricuspid valve
- chordate tendinae
- interventricular septum
- papillary muscles
- trabeculae carbeae
- aortic valve
- pulmonary valve
- superior vena cava
- right pulmonary artery
- right pulmonary veins
- fossa ovalis
- inferior vena cava
- descending aorta
- left pulmonary veins
- pulmonary trying
- left pulmonary artery
- brachiocephalic trunk
- left subclavian artery
- left common carotid artery
Structure of the heart tissues?
Covering the heart: parietal pericardium (a fibrous sac that enclose the heart)
- dense fibrous layer, loose connective tissue and mesothelium
Epicardium: composed of a thin layer of mesothelial cells and connective tissue
Myocardium: composed of specialised muscle cells called myocytes
Endocardium: composed of endothelial cells, also consists of loose connective tissue and smooth endothelium
The structure of the myocardium?
Description of cardiac muscles
- single nucleus under autonomic control, contract together, high O2 demand
- however does not regenerate
The heart’s conduction system?
Sinoatrial node leads to internodal fibres communicating to the atrioventricular, the AP arrives the the bundle of His and is transported down to the right and left bundle branches to the Purkinje fibres allowing contraction
Interventricular septum stops the conduction to other parts of the heart
What are the compositions of the elastic artery, resistance arteries, capillaries and veins?
Elastic arteries are mainly made from elastin and collagen
Resistance arteries are mainly made of SM
Capillaries are made from ECs
Veins are mainly made from collagen but have no elastin
All vessels have a single EC layer
What are the different types of capillaries (and their structures)?
Continuous: - continuous endothelial lining and basement mem (controls perm across wall)
Fenestrated: - fluid exchange, 10x more permeable
Discontinuous: - allow blood cell transfer (liver and spleen)
What is the physiology of the resistance vessels such as arteries
Critical in determine the blood pressure, local blood flow and capillary pressure
Resistance to blood flow to reduce the BP (less damage)
