Anatomical Organisation and Terminology

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

Study of body structure

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

Study of body function

Question 3

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 3

Standing, arms at sides, palms forward

Question 4

Name the 3 body planes

Answer 4

Sagittal: Left and right
Coronal: Front and back
Transverse: Top and bottom

Question 5

define proximal & distal

Answer 5

Promixal: Closer to origin
Distal: Farther from origin

Question 6

Name the 5 body regions

Answer 6

Head, neck, torso, upper & lower extremities

Question 7

List the 6 levels of structural organisation

Answer 7

Chemical (atoms and molecules)
Cellular (cells)
Tissue (groups of similar cells)
Organ (two or more tissues forming an organ)
system (related organs working together)
organism (the complete human body)

Question 8

Name the 11 body systems

Answer 8

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

Question 9

Function of the integumentary system?

Answer 9

Protection, temperature regulation, sensation

Question 10

Function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 10

Pumps blood, delivers oxygen, removes waste

Question 11

What are the four main body cavities?

Answer 11

Cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

Question 12

What are the 4 abdominal quadrants

Answer 12

Right upper quadrant(RUQ)
Left upper quadrant(LUQ)
Right lower quadrant(RLQ)
Left lower quadrant(LLQ)

Question 13

Define anterior and posterior

Answer 13

Anterior (ventral): Front of the body
Posterior (dorsal): Back of the body

Question 14

Define medial and lateral

Answer 14

Medial: Closer to the midline
Lateral: Away from the midline

Question 15

What structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Answer 15

The diaphram

Question 16

Define superior and inferior

Answer 16

Superior: Closer to the head
Inferior: Closer to the feet

Question 17

What is the function of body planes?

Answer 17

They divide the body to describe locations of structures

Question 18

What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?

Answer 18

Top: Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac
Middle: Right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
Bottom: Right inguinal, hypogastric, left inguinal

Question 19

What is the function of body cavities?

Answer 19

Protect organs and allow organ movement

Question 20

What are the 2 major body divisions?

Answer 20

Axial: Head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular: Limbs

Question 21

What is homeostasis?

Answer 21

The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment

Question 22

Define ipsilateral and contralateral

Answer 22

ipsilateral: same side of the body
Contralateral: Opposite side of the body

Question 23

What is the function of serous membranes?

Answer 23

Reduce friction between organs and surrounding structures

Question 24

What is the difference between visceral and parietal layers?

Answer 24

Visceral: Covers organs
Perietal: Lines body cavities

Question 25

What is the difference between flexion and extension?

Answer 25

Flexion: Decreases the joint angle Extension: Increases the joint angle

Question 26

Why is the anatomical position important?

Answer 26

It provides a standard reference for describing body parts

Question 27

define superficial & deep

Answer 27

Superficial: Closer to the surface Deep: Farther from the surface

Question 28

What is the midsagittal plane?

Answer 28

a sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

Question 29

What are the 2 main body cavities?

Answer 29

Dorsal and ventral cavities

Question 30

What does the dorsal cavity contain?

Answer 30

Cranial cavity: Brain Spinal cavity: Spinal cord

Question 31

What does the ventral cavity contain?

Answer 31

Thoracic cavity: Heart and lungs Abdominal cavity: Digestive organs Pelvic cavity: Bladder & reproductive organs

Question 32

The fingers are _______ to the wrist.

Answer 32

Distal

Question 33

The heart is ______ to the lungs.

Answer 33

medial

Question 34

the skin is ______ to the muscles.

Answer 34

Superficial

Question 35

The nose is ______ to the eyes.

Answer 35

Inferior and medial

Question 36

The navel is _______ to the knee.

Answer 36

Superior

Question 37

The spine is ______ to the sternum.

Answer 37

Posterior (dorsal)