Anatomical directions, regions, and parts Flashcards
directional terms
explain the relation between body structures
axial part
head, neck, torso
appendicular part
limbs attached to axis
regional terms
designate specific areas within major body divisions
sagittal plane
vertical plane dividing left from right
median plane/midsagittal plane
vertical plane directly along midline dividing left from right
parasagittal plane
vertical plane offset from the midline
frontal/coronal plane
vertical plane, dividing the anterior from posterior
transverse/horizontal plane
horizontal plane dividing superior from inferior
cross section
transverse section
oblique section
made diagonally; uncommon
dorsal body cavity
protects nervous system organs
cranial cavity
in the skull surrounding the brain
vertebral/spinal cavity
within vertebral column around spinal cord
ventral body cavity
body cavity within the torso
coelom (see-lum)
ventral body cavity
viscera
organs
thoracic cavity
superior subdivision of the ventral cavity surrounded by the ribs
pleural cavaties
surround one lung each
mediastinum
contains pericardial cavity and thoracic organs
pericardial cavity
encloses the heart
abdominopelvic cavity
inferior of the thoracic cavity, has two parts
abdominal cavity
cavity containing stomach, intestines, spleen, etc
pelvic cavity
cavity containing reproductive organs, rectum, urinary bladder
serosa/serous membrane
double-layered membrane that covers organs
organs in RLQ
appendix
organs in RUQ
liver, gallbladder
organs in LUQ
stomach, spleen
organs in LLQ
not much of note
peritoneum
membrane lining abdominopelvic cavity
peritoneal cavity
space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
peritoneal fluid
lubricant between the two layers of peritoneum
retroperitoneal organs
lie against posterior body wall, are covered by peritoneum on the internal facing side (eg. kidneys, pancreas)
intraperitoneal organs
encircled by peritoneum
anterior
front surface
posterior
back surface
dorsal
back surface (usually torso)
ventral
front surface (usually torso)
cranial
the head/towards the head
cephalic
the head/towards the head
superior
at a higher level of the body
caudal
(coccyx in humans) the tailbone/towards the tailbone
inferior
at a lower level of the body
medial
towards the center of the body on a longitudinal axis; towards the midsagittal plane
lateral
away from the center of the body on a longitudinal axis; away from the midsagittal plane
proximal
toward an attached base
distal
away from an attached base
superficial
near or relatively close to the body surface
deep
farther from the body surface
ocular, orbital
eye
mental
chin
buccal
cheek
cervical
neck
axillary
armpit
brachial
arm
antecubical
front of elbow
thoracic, thorax
chest
mammary
breast
umbilical
navel
antebrachial
forearm
manual/manus
hand
palmar
palm
carpal
wrist
pollex
thumb
digits, phalanges
fingers/toes
inguinal
groin
femoral
thigh
patella/r
kneecap
crural
leg
tarsal
ankle
pedal
foot
hallux
great toe
acromial
shoulder
dorsal
back
olecranal
back of elbow
lumbar/loin
lower back
gluteal
buttock
popliteal
back of knee
sural
calf
calcaneal
heel of foot
plantar
sole of foot
dorsum
top of foot
crural
lower leg
coxal
hip
scapular
shoulder blade/bone
contralateral
taking place in the same place on opposite side
