Anatomical Directions and Orientations Flashcards
What direction is “toward or at the body surface?”
Superficial
What direction is “away from the body surface?”
Deep
What orientation is “between a more medial and more lateral structure?”
Intermediate
What direction is “toward or at the midline of the body or on the inner side?”
Medial
What direction is “away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body?”
Inferior
What direction is “toward the head end or upper part of a structure (above)?”
Superior
What direction is “toward or at the front of the body?”
Ventral (anterior)
Is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis?
Distal; indicating that it is farther from the origin or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
Is the elbow proximal or distal to the head?
Proximal; indicating that the elbow is farther from the origin or point of attachment of a limb (hand) to the body trunk.
What direction is “toward or at the back of the body?”
Dorsal (posterior)
What action is “closing of a joint?”
Flexion
What action is “opening of a joint?”
Extension
In ANATOMICAL POSITION, are the hands in pronation or supination?
Supination
Based on question #28, why are the hands in this position?
The bones of the forearm (radius/ulnar) are uncrossed in the supinated position.
Define elevation and depression.
Elevation is the upward movement of a structure.
Depression is the downward movement of a structure.
Define retraction and protraction.
Retraction is the movement in the posterior direction.
Protraction is the movement in the anterior direction.
What body division includes the head, neck, and trunk?
Axial region
What vertical plane divides the body into right and left parts?
Sagittal plane
What planes lie vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts?
Frontal plane
What (2) parts divides the transverse plane?
Superior and inferior
What cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes?
Oblique
What cavity encloses the heart?
Pericardial
What region surrounds the naval?
Umbilical
What region houses the pelvis?
Iliac
What cavity houses the teeth and tongue?
Oral
What cavity houses the eyes?
Orbital
What (4) quadrants the abdominopelvic region is divided into?
- Right upper
- Left upper
- Right lower
- Left lower
What cavity houses the tiny ear bones and what are they?
Middle ear; Malleus, incus, and stapes.
What cavity encloses the spinal cord?
Coronal
What is another term for the frontal plane?
Coronal plane
What (2) cavities is divided by the ventral body cavity?
- Thoracic
- Abdominopelvic
What body cavity encases the brain?
Cranial
What body cavity protects the nervous system?
Dorsal body cavity
