Anatomical & Directional Terms

Question 1

Cranial

Answer 1

towards the head

Question 2

Caudal

Answer 2

towards the tail

Question 3

Rostral

Answer 3

towards the nose (only used on the head)

Question 4

Dorsal

Answer 4

towards the back of the animal/ towards the spine

Question 5

Ventral

Answer 5

towards the underside of the animal

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

towards the outside of the animal

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

towards the middle of the animal

Question 8

Superficial

Answer 8

near the surface

Question 9

Deep

Answer 9

far beneath the surface

Question 10

Proximal

Answer 10

closer to the body, usually on the limbs

Question 11

Distal

Answer 11

further from the body, usually on the limbs

Question 12

Recumbent

Answer 12

lying down

Question 13

Dorsal Recumbency

Answer 13

lying on back

Question 14

ventral or sternal recumbency

Answer 14

lying on stomach

Question 15

lateral (left or right) recumbency

Answer 15

lying on side

Question 16

palmar

Answer 16

caudal surface of front legs

Question 17

plantar

Answer 17

caudal surface of hind legs

Question 18

abdominal

Answer 18

pertains to abdomen

Question 19

appendicular

Answer 19

relates to limbs and their attachments to the torso

Question 20

axial

Answer 20

related to the head, neck and trunk

Question 21

cervical

Answer 21

pertaining to the neck area (cervical vertebrae)

Question 22

coccygeal

Answer 22

tail or vertebrae of the tail

Question 23

cranium

Answer 23

part of the skull that encases the brain

Question 24

digital

Answer 24

where the toes/toe bones are located

Question 25

inguinal

Answer 25

groin or medial aspect of the rear leg

Question 26

lumbar

Answer 26

lumbar vertebrae or region around them

Question 27

mammary

Answer 27

mammary glands

Question 28

nasal

Answer 28

pertains to the nose

Question 29

oral

Answer 29

pertains to the mouth

Question 30

orbital

Answer 30

bony eye socket (orbit)

Question 31

abduction

Answer 31

move limb away from the middle of body

Question 32

adduction

Answer 32

move limb towards the middle of body

Question 33

extension

Answer 33

straightening

Question 34

flexion

Answer 34

bending

Question 35

saggital plane

Answer 35

divides into left and right parts (unequal)

Question 36

median plane

Answer 36

divides into equal left and right parts

Question 37

transverse plane

Answer 37

divides into cranial and caudal

Question 38

dorsal plane

Answer 38

divides into dorsal and ventral

Question 39

Cellular

Answer 39

- carry out all functions - single cell environment determines survival - complex animal division of labor creates suitable internal environment

Question 40

4 basic tissue types

Answer 40

-epithelial -connective -muscle -nervous

Question 41

Epithelial

Answer 41

-covers body surfaces & secretes &nabsorbs substances -internal & external -function depends on location -cover (skin) -secrete (glands) -absorb (GI tract)

Question 42

connective

Answer 42

-connects tissue types -provides support - composed of living (cellular) & nonliving components

Question 43

Muscle

Answer 43

-internal & external motion -skeletal- voluntary, striated -cardiac- involuntary, striated -smooth- involuntary, non striated

Question 44

Nervous

Answer 44

-controls body functions -Transit information -periphery to CNS or CNS to periphery

Question 45

organ

Answer 45

collection/group of TISSUES working for common purpose

Question 46

System

Answer 46

collection/group of ORGANS working for common purpose

Question 47

health

Answer 47

proper function/ interaction between cells, tissues, organs & systems

Question 48

Homeostasis

Answer 48

-maintenance of balance in the body constant/ dynamic adaption to internal & external environment

Question 49

anatomy

Answer 49

form & structure

Question 50

Physiology

Answer 50

describes function

Question 51

left & right

Answer 51

animals left & right

Question 52

proximal

Answer 52

close to body (only on limb)

Question 53

distal

Answer 53

further from body (only on limb)

Question 55

barrel

Answer 55

trunk of body formed by ribcage and abdomen

Question 56

brisket

Answer 56

ventral base of neck between front legs

Question 57

cannon

Answer 57

large metacarpal/metatarsal of hoofed animals

Question 58

fetlock

Answer 58

joint between cannon bone & proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

Question 59

flank

Answer 59

lateral surface of abdomen between the last rib and the hind leg

Question 60

hock

Answer 60

tarsus

Question 61

knee

Answer 61

carpus of hoofed animals

Question 62

muzzle

Answer 62

rostral part of face formed mainly by the maxillary & nasal bones

Question 63

pastern

Answer 63

area of proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

Question 64

poll

Answer 64

top of the head between the bases of the ears

Question 65

stifle

Answer 65

joint equivalent to the human knee

Question 66

tailhead

Answer 66

dorsal part of the base of the tail

Question 67

withers

Answer 67

area dorsal to scapula

Question 68

dorsal body cavities

Answer 68

contains brain and spinal cord

Question 69

ventral body cavity

Answer 69

contains thoracic cavity & abdominal cavity separated by the diaphragm

Question 70

appendicular skeleton

Answer 70

part of skeleton that refers to the limbs