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Animal Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Anatomical & Directional Terms > Flashcards

Anatomical & Directional Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial

A

towards the head

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2
Q

Caudal

A

towards the tail

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3
Q

Rostral

A

towards the nose (only used on the head)

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4
Q

Dorsal

A

towards the back of the animal/ towards the spine

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5
Q

Ventral

A

towards the underside of the animal

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6
Q

Lateral

A

towards the outside of the animal

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7
Q

Medial

A

towards the middle of the animal

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8
Q

Superficial

A

near the surface

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9
Q

Deep

A

far beneath the surface

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10
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the body, usually on the limbs

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11
Q

Distal

A

further from the body, usually on the limbs

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12
Q

Recumbent

A

lying down

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13
Q

Dorsal Recumbency

A

lying on back

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14
Q

ventral or sternal recumbency

A

lying on stomach

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15
Q

lateral (left or right) recumbency

A

lying on side

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16
Q

palmar

A

caudal surface of front legs

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17
Q

plantar

A

caudal surface of hind legs

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18
Q

abdominal

A

pertains to abdomen

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19
Q

appendicular

A

relates to limbs and their attachments to the torso

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20
Q

axial

A

related to the head, neck and trunk

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21
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck area (cervical vertebrae)

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22
Q

coccygeal

A

tail or vertebrae of the tail

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23
Q

cranium

A

part of the skull that encases the brain

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24
Q

digital

A

where the toes/toe bones are located

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25
Q

inguinal

A

groin or medial aspect of the rear leg

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26
Q

lumbar

A

lumbar vertebrae or region around them

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27
Q

mammary

A

mammary glands

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28
Q

nasal

A

pertains to the nose

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29
Q

oral

A

pertains to the mouth

30
Q

orbital

A

bony eye socket (orbit)

31
Q

abduction

A

move limb away from the middle of body

32
Q

adduction

A

move limb towards the middle of body

33
Q

extension

A

straightening

34
Q

flexion

A

bending

35
Q

saggital plane

A

divides into left and right parts (unequal)

36
Q

median plane

A

divides into equal left and right parts

37
Q

transverse plane

A

divides into cranial and caudal

38
Q

dorsal plane

A

divides into dorsal and ventral

39
Q

Cellular

A
  • carry out all functions
  • single cell environment determines survival
  • complex animal division of labor creates suitable internal environment
40
Q

4 basic tissue types

A

-epithelial
-connective
-muscle
-nervous

41
Q

Epithelial

A

-covers body surfaces & secretes &nabsorbs substances
-internal & external
-function depends on location
-cover (skin)
-secrete (glands)
-absorb (GI tract)

42
Q

connective

A

-connects tissue types
-provides support
- composed of living (cellular) & nonliving components

43
Q

Muscle

A

-internal & external motion
-skeletal- voluntary, striated
-cardiac- involuntary, striated
-smooth- involuntary, non striated

44
Q

Nervous

A

-controls body functions
-Transit information
-periphery to CNS or CNS to periphery

45
Q

organ

A

collection/group of TISSUES working for common purpose

46
Q

System

A

collection/group of ORGANS working for common purpose

47
Q

health

A

proper function/ interaction between cells, tissues, organs & systems

48
Q

Homeostasis

A

-maintenance of balance in the body
constant/ dynamic adaption to internal & external environment

49
Q

anatomy

A

form & structure

50
Q

Physiology

A

describes function

51
Q

left & right

A

animals left & right

52
Q

proximal

A

close to body (only on limb)

53
Q

distal

A

further from body (only on limb)

54
Q
A
55
Q

barrel

A

trunk of body formed by ribcage and abdomen

56
Q

brisket

A

ventral base of neck between front legs

57
Q

cannon

A

large metacarpal/metatarsal of hoofed animals

58
Q

fetlock

A

joint between cannon bone & proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

59
Q

flank

A

lateral surface of abdomen between the last rib and the hind leg

60
Q

hock

A

tarsus

61
Q

knee

A

carpus of hoofed animals

62
Q

muzzle

A

rostral part of face formed mainly by the maxillary & nasal bones

63
Q

pastern

A

area of proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

64
Q

poll

A

top of the head between the bases of the ears

65
Q

stifle

A

joint equivalent to the human knee

66
Q

tailhead

A

dorsal part of the base of the tail

67
Q

withers

A

area dorsal to scapula

68
Q

dorsal body cavities

A

contains brain and spinal cord

69
Q

ventral body cavity

A

contains thoracic cavity & abdominal cavity separated by the diaphragm

70
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

part of skeleton that refers to the limbs

Animal Anatomy & Physiology 1 (12 decks)

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