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Foundations of Medicine > Anatomical Communication > Flashcards

Anatomical Communication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regions of the body?

A

Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, upper limb, lower limb, pelvis & perineum, back

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2
Q

What is the anatomical name for the armpit?

A

Axilla

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3
Q

What is the anatomical name for the area which joins the lower limb to the trunk?

A

Inguinal region

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4
Q

Which anatomical regions make up the trunk?

A

Abdomen, thorax, back, pelvis & perineum

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5
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Standing
Facing anteriorly
Face and eyes looking anteriorly
Upper limbs by the sides
Palms of hands facing anteriorly
Feet together
Toes pointing anteriorly
Penis erect

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6
Q

Why is the anatomical position important?

A

Standardises the position you talk about structures in

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7
Q

What are the three anatomical planes (disregarding oblique sections?)

A

Sagittal, coronal, axial (transverse)

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8
Q

What does the sagittal plane split the body into?

A

Left and right

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9
Q

What does the coronal plane split the body into?

A

Anterior and posterior

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10
Q

What does the axial (transverse) plane split the body into?

A

Superior and inferior

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11
Q

What is an oblique section?

A

A section taken at an angle - neither a sagittal, coronal, nor axial (transverse) section

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12
Q

Why are the three plane types important?

A

Imaging types are divided into these planes

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13
Q

Where can the median sagittal plane be found?

A

Directly down the midline of the body

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14
Q

Is anatomical ‘left’ and ‘right’ from the observer’s or patient’s perspective?

A

Patient’s

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15
Q

What does ‘anterior’ mean?

A

Towards the front of the body

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16
Q

What does ‘posterior’ mean?

A

Towards the back of the body

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17
Q

What is something referred to if it is in between anterior and posterior?

A

‘In the middle’

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18
Q

What does ‘superior’ mean?

A

Towards the top of the body

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19
Q

What does ‘inferior’ mean?

A

Towards the bottom of the body

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20
Q

What are the alternative terms for superior and inferior and what do they mean?

A

Cranial/rostral - superior, caudal - inferior

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21
Q

When are cranial/rostral/caudal used as opposed to sueprior/inferior?

A

Neurology and embryology

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22
Q

What does ‘medial’ mean?

A

Towards the midline/median plane of the body

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23
Q

What does ‘lateral’ mean?

A

Away from the midline/median plane of the body

24
Q

What does ‘proximal’ mean?

A

Towards the attachment of the limb to the trunk OR closer to where the structure originates (if not used for limbs)

25
Q

What does ‘distal’ mean?

A

Further from the attachment of the limb to the trunk OR closer to where the structure terminates (if not used for limbs)

26
Q

What does ‘superficial’ mean?

A

Closer to the body surface

27
Q

What does ‘deep’ mean?

A

Further away from the body surface

28
Q

What does ‘internal’ mean?

A

Nearer to the centre of the body

29
Q

What does ‘external’ mean?

A

Further from the centre of the body

30
Q

What does ‘major’ mean?

A

A relatively larger structure with the same name as another, smaller, structure

31
Q

What does ‘minor’ mean?

A

A relatively smaller structure with the same name as another, larger, structure

32
Q

What does ‘dorsal’ mean?

A

The posterior surface of the wrist and hand
The superior surface of the tongue and foot

33
Q

What are the four opposites to ‘dorsal’ and what do they refer to?

A

Volar: Anterior surface of wrist
Palmar: Anterior surface of hand
Ventral: Inferior surface of tongue
Plantar: Inferior surface of foot

34
Q

What does ‘unilateral’ mean?

A

Only found on one side of the body (eg. gallbladder)

35
Q

What does ‘bilateral’ mean?

A

Found on both sides of the body (eg. lungs)

36
Q

What does ‘midline’ mean?

A

Found on/near the midline/median plane (eg. brain)

37
Q

What does ‘ipsilateral’ mean?

A

On the same side

38
Q

What does ‘contralateral’ mean?

A

On the opposite side

39
Q

What does ‘anterolateral’ mean?

A

Forwards and outwards

40
Q

What does ‘inferomedial’ mean?

A

Downwards and inwards

41
Q

What does ‘anterosuperior’ mean?

A

Forwards and upwards

42
Q

What does ‘superolateral’ mean?

A

Upwards and outwards

43
Q

What does ‘flexion’ mean?

A

Decreasing the angle at a joint

44
Q

What does ‘extension’ mean?

A

Increasing the angle at a joint

45
Q

Are all anterior movements superior to the knee joint flexions or extensions?
(Neck, back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, finger, hip)

A

Flexions

46
Q

Are all anterior movements inferior to the knee joint flexions or extensions?
(Knee, ankle, toes)

A

Extensions

47
Q

What does ‘abduction’ mean?

A

Movement away from the median plane

48
Q

What does ‘adduction’ mean?

A

Movement towards the median plane

49
Q

What does ‘internal/medial rotation’ mean?

A

Rotating the anterior surface of a limb towards the median plane

50
Q

What does ‘external/lateral rotation’ mean?

A

Rotating the anterior surface of a limb away from the median plane

51
Q

What is ‘circumduction’?

A

Circular motion at a joint

52
Q

What is ‘inversion’?

A

Sole of the foot rotates towards the median plane so the sole faces medially

53
Q

What is ‘eversion’?

A

Sole of the foot rotates away from the median plane so the sole faces laterally

54
Q

What is ‘dorsiflexion’?

A

Upward flexion of the foot

55
Q

What is ‘plantarflexion’?

A

Dowanward flexion of the foot

56
Q

What is ‘pronation’?

A

Anterior surface of the forearm rotates such that the palm faces posteriorly

57
Q

What is ‘supination’?

A

Anterior surface of the forearm rotates such that the palm rotates back into the anatomical position

Foundations of Medicine (2 decks)

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