Anato-Physio 1

Question 1

Superior

Answer 1

Above

Question 2

Inferior

Answer 2

Below

Question 3

Posterior

Answer 3

Facing back

Question 4

Anterior

Answer 4

Facing front

Question 5

Proximal

Answer 5

Towards point of attachment

Question 6

Distal

Answer 6

Away from point of attachment

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

Towards midline

Question 8

Lateral

Answer 8

Away from midline

Towards side

Question 9

Sagittal section

Answer 9

a cut along the median plane

Question 10

Frontal section

Answer 10

a cut along the coronal plane

Question 11

Cross section

Answer 11

a cut along the transverse plane

Question 12

Cell

Answer 12

basic unit of life

building blocks of tissues/organs

Question 13

within the cell

Answer 13

each organelle has a specific function

nucleus=DNA

ribosomes= important in synthesis of proteins
include enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions in the body

Question 14

MITOSIS

Answer 14

growth and repair

DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly

2 daughter cells

Question 15

MEIOSIS

Answer 15

cell division that takes place in the gonads: ovaries and testes

the chromosome is reduced from 46-23

the sperm and egg unite in fertilization

the zygote will have the correct # of chromosome

Question 16

2 types of sweat glands

Answer 16

ECCRINE

APOCRINE SECRETION

Question 17

ECCRINE

Answer 17

most widely distributed sweat gland

regulates body temperature by releasing a watery secretion that evaporates from skin

Question 18

APOCRINE SECRETION

Answer 18

mainly in armpit and groin area

• contains bits of cytoplasm from the secreting cells
• cell debris attracts bacteria
• bacteria on skin= odor

Question 19

Sebaceous Glands

Sebum

Answer 19

the sebaceous glands release sebum produced by holocrine secretion

• susceptible to clogging
• attracting bacteria: particularly during adolescence

Sebum: an oily secretion, through hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents from drying

Holocrine secretion: whole cells of the gland are part of secretion

Question 20

Keratin

Answer 20

strong protein that makes up hair and nails

HAIR and SKIN are appendages of the skin

Question 21

SKIN

Answer 21

largest organ of the body

Question 22

2 layers of the skin

Answer 22

Epidermis

Dermis

Question 23

Epidermis

Answer 23

outermost protective layer

dead, keratinized, epithelial cells

Question 24

Dermis

Answer 24

underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and associated skin structures

The dermis rests on the subcutaneous tissue that connects the skin on the superficial muscles

Question 25

Dermis

Answer 25

inner layer of the skin ``` made up of: fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels sensory nerve endings hair follicles glands ```

Question 26

Epidermis

Answer 26

outer to inner layer of the epidermis ``` stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum germinativum (where mitosis occurs) stratum basale stratum spinosum ``` epidermal cells contain the protein pigment called MELANIN protects against radiation from the sun

Question 27

Tissues

Answer 27

``` Histology = study of tissues Tissues = a group of cells that act together to perform specific functions ``` 4 Fundamental Tissues

Question 28

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 28

cover, line, protects the body and internal organs

Question 29

Connective Tissue

Answer 29

framework of the body | provides support and structure

Question 30

Muscle Tissue

Answer 30

have the ability to contract/shorten Voluntary: Skeletal muscles Involuntary: smooth and cardiac muscle tissue

Question 31

Nerve Tissue

Answer 31

neurons and connective tissue called neuroglia

Question 32

Functions of the Skeletal System

Answer 32

the body framework consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints - support - movement - blood cell formation (hemopoiesis) - protection of internal organs - removal of poisons (detoxification) - provision for muscle attachment - mineral storage (i.e. calcium + phosphorus)

Question 33

Bones

Answer 33

Individual bones are classified by shape - long Jones - short bones - flat bones - irregular bones - sesamoid bones

Question 34

Long Bone

Answer 34

typically has: Irregular epiphysis at each end composed of spongy (cancellous) bone Shaft/diaphysis composed of compact bone (osteoblasts)

Question 35

Osteoblasts

Answer 35

cells that form compact bone when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix, they stop dividing but continue to maintain bone tissue as osteocytes

Question 36

Skull has 28 bones

Answer 36

when including the 6 paired bones of the ear (ossicles), the skull has 28 bones: 14 facial 14 cranial

Question 37

14 Facial Bones

Answer 37

``` 2 nasal bones 2 maxillary bones 2 zygomatic bones 2 palatine bones 2 lacrimal bones 2 inferior nasal conchae 1 mandible (only removable bone of the skull) 1 vomer ```

Question 38

14 Cranial Bones

Answer 38

``` Single: occipital frontal ethmoid sphenoid ``` ``` paired: parietal (2) temporal (2) ossicles of the ear: -malleus (2) -incus (2) -stapes (2) ```