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HESI > Anato-Physio 1 > Flashcards

Anato-Physio 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Superior

A

Above

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2
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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3
Q

Posterior

A

Facing back

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4
Q

Anterior

A

Facing front

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5
Q

Proximal

A

Towards point of attachment

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6
Q

Distal

A

Away from point of attachment

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7
Q

Medial

A

Towards midline

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

Towards side

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9
Q

Sagittal section

A

a cut along the median plane

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10
Q

Frontal section

A

a cut along the coronal plane

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11
Q

Cross section

A

a cut along the transverse plane

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12
Q

Cell

A

basic unit of life

building blocks of tissues/organs

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13
Q

within the cell

A

each organelle has a specific function

nucleus=DNA

ribosomes= important in synthesis of proteins
include enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions in the body

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14
Q

MITOSIS

A

growth and repair

DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly

2 daughter cells

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15
Q

MEIOSIS

A

cell division that takes place in the gonads: ovaries and testes

the chromosome is reduced from 46-23

the sperm and egg unite in fertilization

the zygote will have the correct # of chromosome

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16
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

ECCRINE

APOCRINE SECRETION

17
Q

ECCRINE

A

most widely distributed sweat gland

regulates body temperature by releasing a watery secretion that evaporates from skin

18
Q

APOCRINE SECRETION

A

mainly in armpit and groin area

  • contains bits of cytoplasm from the secreting cells
  • cell debris attracts bacteria
  • bacteria on skin= odor
19
Q

Sebaceous Glands

Sebum

A

the sebaceous glands release sebum produced by holocrine secretion

  • susceptible to clogging
  • attracting bacteria: particularly during adolescence

Sebum: an oily secretion, through hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents from drying

Holocrine secretion: whole cells of the gland are part of secretion

20
Q

Keratin

A

strong protein that makes up hair and nails

HAIR and SKIN are appendages of the skin

21
Q

SKIN

A

largest organ of the body

22
Q

2 layers of the skin

A

Epidermis

Dermis

23
Q

Epidermis

A

outermost protective layer

dead, keratinized, epithelial cells

24
Q

Dermis

A

underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and associated skin structures

The dermis rests on the subcutaneous tissue that connects the skin on the superficial muscles

25
Q

Dermis

A

inner layer of the skin

made up of: 
fibrous connective tissue with 
blood vessels
sensory nerve endings
hair follicles
glands
26
Q

Epidermis

A

outer to inner layer of the epidermis

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum germinativum (where mitosis occurs)
stratum basale
stratum spinosum

epidermal cells contain the protein pigment called MELANIN protects against radiation from the sun

27
Q

Tissues

A 
Histology = study of tissues
Tissues = a group of cells that act together to perform specific functions

4 Fundamental Tissues

28
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

cover, line, protects the body and internal organs

29
Q

Connective Tissue

A

framework of the body

provides support and structure

30
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

have the ability to contract/shorten
Voluntary: Skeletal muscles
Involuntary: smooth and cardiac muscle tissue

31
Q

Nerve Tissue

A

neurons and connective tissue called neuroglia

32
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A

the body framework consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints

  • support
  • movement
  • blood cell formation (hemopoiesis)
  • protection of internal organs
  • removal of poisons (detoxification)
  • provision for muscle attachment
  • mineral storage (i.e. calcium + phosphorus)
33
Q

Bones

A

Individual bones are classified by shape

  • long Jones
  • short bones
  • flat bones
  • irregular bones
  • sesamoid bones
34
Q

Long Bone

A

typically has:

Irregular epiphysis at each end composed of spongy (cancellous) bone

Shaft/diaphysis
composed of compact bone (osteoblasts)

35
Q

Osteoblasts

A

cells that form compact bone when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix, they stop dividing but continue to maintain bone tissue as osteocytes

36
Q

Skull has 28 bones

A

when including the 6 paired bones of the ear (ossicles), the skull has 28 bones:

14 facial
14 cranial

37
Q

14 Facial Bones

A 
2 nasal bones
2 maxillary bones
2 zygomatic bones
2 palatine bones
2 lacrimal bones
2 inferior nasal conchae
1 mandible (only removable bone of the skull)
1 vomer
38
Q

14 Cranial Bones

A 
Single: 
occipital 
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
paired:
parietal (2)
temporal (2)
ossicles of the ear:
-malleus (2)
-incus (2)
-stapes (2)

HESI (2 decks)

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