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1st Semeester - 3rd Year > ANAT102A - 1ST LONG QUIZ > Flashcards

ANAT102A - 1ST LONG QUIZ Flashcards

1
Q

What are the animals included in the study of Comparative Veterinary Anatomy?

A

Ox/catle, Horse, Pig, Sheep, Goat, Dog, Cat, Chicken

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2
Q

It deals with body parts visible to the naked eye.

A

Gross Anatomy

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3
Q

It is a study that deals with the parts that are visible under microscope in contrast to gross anatomy.

A

Microscopic Anatomy/Histology

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4
Q

What are the organ cells we usually study in Microscopic Anatomy/Histology?

A

Blood Cells, Hepato cells (liver cells), Osteocytes (bone cells), Enterocytes (intestinal cells)

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5
Q

What are the 7 sub-branches of Gross Veterinary Anatomy and their meaning?

A

(OMASAAN)
Osteology - study of bones
Mylogy - study of muscles
Arthrology/Syndesmology - study of joints and articulation
Splanchnology - study of visceral organs (Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary)
Aethesiology - study of special senses (ears, eye)
Arthrology - study of circulatory
Neurology - study of neurons structure

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6
Q

It deals with the similarities and differences between body parts of animals

A

Comparative Veterinary Anatomy

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7
Q

It is the basic structural and functional unit of life capable of performing series of physical and chemical processes for survival

A

Cell

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8
Q

Physical, chemical, and toxic changes of cell can lead to different _________.

A

Cellular Adaptation

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9
Q

What are the 6 types of Cellular Adaptation?

A

(AHHMADN)
1. Atrophy
2. Hypertrophy
3. Hyperplasia
4. Metaplasia
5. Anaplasia
6. Dysplasia
7. Neoplasia

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10
Q

It is a qualitative decrease in size of cell (5 micrometer - 3 micrometer)

A

Atrophy

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11
Q

It is a qualitative increase in size of a cell (3 micrometer - 5 micrometer)

A

Hypertrophy

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12
Q

It is a quantitative increase in number of cells (10 cells - 15 cells)

A

Hyperplasia

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13
Q

Transformation of one type of cell to another (cuboidal - columnar)

A

Metaplasia

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14
Q

Reinversion of a cell to a more primitive and undifferentiated cell type.

A

Anaplasia

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15
Q

Abnormality in size, shape, and orientation of cell.

A

Dysplasia

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16
Q

Abnormality in cell structure; hallmark of tumor and cancer cells

A

Neoplasia

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17
Q

Collective term for different substances that make up a cell. A bacterial, fungi, or plant cell that has had its cell wall completely or partially removed using either enzymatic or mechanical means

A

Protoplasm

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18
Q

What makes up protoplasm?

A
  1. H20/water
  2. Protein
  3. Fats/Lipids
  4. Carbohydrates
  5. Electrolytes
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19
Q

The principal fluid medium of the protoplasm consisting (70%-80% cell mass)

A

H2O/Water

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20
Q

2nd most abundant substance (10%-20% cell mass)

A

Protein

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of protein and their description?

A

Fibrous Protein - Fibrilar form
Globular protein - Has individual protein molecules/Globular

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22
Q

Phospholipid and cholesterol are the most important part of the cell (2% cell mass).

A

Lipids/Fats

23
Q

What is the storage form of lipids or fat in the cell?

A

Triglycerides or neutral cells

24
Q

Little structural function but provide most of the nutritional requirement of the cell

A

Carbohydrates

25
Q

Simplest form of the carbohydrates and it is use for cellular metabolism and energy production.

A

Glucose

26
Q

Storage form of carbohydrates and usually stored in liver and skeletal muscle.

A

Glycogen

27
Q

Inorganic chemical for cellular respiration. And what are the 2 types of it?

A

Electrolytes

  1. Cation - Positively charged
  2. Anion - Negatively charged
28
Q

What are the example of cation?

A

Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Magnesium (Mg)
Calcium (Ca)

29
Q

What are the examples of anion?

A
  1. Chloride (Cl-)
  2. Sulfate (SO4)
  3. Phosphate (PO4)
  4. Bicarbonate (HCO3)
30
Q

2 Types of Cells and their definition

A
  1. Somatic cells - all cell in the body except germ cells; undergoes Mitosis which results in diploid (2n) chromosomes.
  2. Germ/Sex Cells/Gametes - sperm cell and egg cells’ undergoes Meiosis which results in haploid (n) chromosomes.
31
Q

What are the 2 phases of Cell Cycle?

A
  1. Interphase - the longest phase of the cell cycle
  2. Cell Division
32
Q
  1. Before DNA Synthesis
  2. During DNA Synthesis
  3. After DNA Synthesis
A
  1. G1 Phase
  2. S Phase
  3. G2 Phase
33
Q

What is the correct arrangement of cell division?

A

PMAT (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)

34
Q

Condensation of nuclear material, nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappearance.

A

Prophase

35
Q

Chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate

A

Metaphase

36
Q

Sister chromatids attaches to spindle fibers and moves toward the opposite poles

A

Anaphase

37
Q

2 daughter cells are formed, nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappearance.

A

Telophase

38
Q

Outer permeable layer of the cell

A

Cell membrane

39
Q

Boat/sausage shaped organelle; Krebs cycle is involved wherein it produces 36 ATP

A

Mitochondria

40
Q

Contains fluid medium (cytosol); suspends the organelle

A

Cytoplasm

41
Q

Contains hydrolase; contains an array of degradative enzymes which breakdown almost all the biological polymers inside the cell.

A

Lysosome

42
Q

It contains oxidose, an enzyme which carry out oxidation reactions and breakdown metabolic hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxisome

43
Q

Has ribosomes embedded on it. Its main function is to synthesis proteins

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

44
Q

Synthesizes lipids, steroids, and carbohydrates

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticlum (SER)

45
Q

Crescent/half moon shaped; packaging center of the cell which packages the protein and other substances from RER and SER

A

Golgi Apparatus

46
Q

Helps in and guides spindle fiber during meiosis and mitosis

A

Centriole

47
Q

Storage of minerals, proteins, and pigments

A

Vacuole

48
Q
  1. Contains DNA (chromosomes)
  2. Contains RNA
  3. Liquid content of the nucleus
  4. pores/barrier that limits the passages between the nucleus and cytoplasm
A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Nucleolus
  3. Nuclear Sap
  4. Nuclear Membrane/Porus Nuclear Membrane
49
Q

It is the study of bone

A

Osteology

50
Q

What and how many percentage comprises the bone?

A
  • 30% - 35% - organic framework made up of protein collagen and polysaccharide, GAG/glycosaminoglycan which contain chrondoitin sulfate
  • 65% - 70% - inorganic framework (CaPO4 - 80%; CaCO3 & MgPO4- - 20%)
51
Q

What are the functions of Bones?

A
  1. Movement of skeletal framework
  2. Support the skeletal muscles
  3. Protects the soft internal organs
  4. Storage of calcium and phosphorus minerals under influence of hormones
    * calcitonin - lowers the blood calcium
    * Parathormone/pth - increases the blood calcium
  5. Blood cell formation in the bone marrow
52
Q
  1. Bones along the longitudinal axis
  2. Give the examples under this bone
A
  1. Axial Skeleton
  2. Skull, Vertebral column, Ribs, Sternum
53
Q
  1. Bones of the appendages
  2. Give the examples under this bone
A
  1. Appendicular Bones
  2. Anterior Limb
    • Shoulder Girdle - Scapula, Clavicle, Coracoid
    • Arm - Humerus
    • Forearm - Radius and Ulna
    • Manus - Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
  3. Posterior Limb
    • Pelvic Girdle/Os coxae - ilium, ischium, Pubis
    • Thigh - femur
    • True leg/Crus - Tibia and Fibula
    • Pes - Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
54
Q
  1. Bones in viscera/soft internal organs
  2. Examples under this bone
A
  1. Splanchnic Skeleton
  2. Os baculum/os penis - dog
    Os Rostri - snout of pigs
    Os Cordis - heart of ox
    Entoglossal bone - skull of chicken

1st Semeester - 3rd Year (2 decks)

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