Anat - Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What factors influence the final xray image?

Answer 1

Tissue composition (radiodensity) 
• Tissue thickness 
• Position of the object wrt film and X-ray source 
• Object shape 
• Superimposition of tissues

Question 2

Are the densities from most to least dense?

Answer 2

Lead
Bone
Muscle
Blood
Fat
Air

Question 3

What are some factors which influence the appearance of the object?

Answer 3

Tissue thickness

Object shape

Question 4

Which directions do we look at bones from?

Answer 4

Usually across and so the anterior and posterior components add up
Tubular bone = denser margin

Question 5

Are densities additive?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What is the epiphysis?

Answer 6

The region of the epiphysial growth plate - sometimes still referred to even in adults when it has fused

Question 7

What are trabecla?

Answer 7

Bony struts with marrow inbetween

Question 8

Where is cancellous bone found?

Answer 8

At the prximal and distal ends

Question 9

How many secondary epiphysis in the shoulder?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

What can be seen in place of an epiphysis?

Answer 10

A white line (the remnant of the growth plate)

Question 11

What is a nutrient foramen?

Answer 11

All bones possess larger or smaller foramina for the entrance of the nourishing blood-vessels; these are known as the nutrient foramina, and are particularly large in the shafts of the larger long bone

Question 12

What is a suture in the skull?

Answer 12

It is a fibrous joint which can remain well into adultood

Question 13

What covers the bone after the synovial joint?

Answer 13

Periosteum

Question 14

What are we looking at when we see a film?

Answer 14

• Identity
• 2 views or more (projections)
• Alignment
• Joint surfaces and joint
• Trabecularbone and lines
• Bone outline
• Soft tissues
• Growth plates
• Invisible structures

Question 15

How should the glenoid and the humeral head be positioned?

Answer 15

They should be congruent, they need to contact

Question 16

What is the angle between the humerus and the

Answer 16

140

Question 17

how should the shoulder be positioned for best function?

Answer 17

?

Question 18

What films are used for most joint?

Answer 18

AP and lateral

Question 19

What projections are used for the shoulder?

Answer 19

– AP
– Lateral
– Internal and external rotation
–  Axillarylateral
– AP with cranio-caudal downtilt

Question 20

Common fractures after dislocation of the shoulder?

Answer 20

v

Question 21

Most common type of shoulder dislocation?

Answer 21

Antero-inferiro

Question 22

Growth plates in the shoulder?

Answer 22

Lesser
Greater (tuberosity)
Humeral head

Question 23

How many growth plates on the acromium?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

How is the elbow usually visualised on x-ray?

Answer 24

– AP
– lateral
– AP oblique