anat - embryology Flashcards
which pharyngeal arch are malleus and incus derived from?
arch 1
which pharyngeal arch is stapes derived from?
arch 2
which pharyngeal arch is lesser horn of hyoid bone derived from?
arch 2
which pharyngeal arch is greater horn of hyoid bone derived from?
arch 3
where is the external auditory meatus derived from?
cleft 1
where is the eustachian tube derived from?
pouch 1
where is the palatine tonsils derived from?
pouch 2
where are the inferior parathyroid gland and thymus derived from?
pouch 3
where are the superior parathyroid gland and ultimo-branchial body derived from?
pouch 4
which structure marks the point of embryonic evagination of thyroid gland?
foramen caecum
which of the following structures are affected to result in a cleft palate?
a. nasal prominences
b. secondary palate
c. palatine shelves
d. mandibular prominences
c. palatine shelves
Laryngomalacia is a congenital abnormality where the laryngeal cartilages fail to develop properly leading to “softness” and potential airway obstruction in infants. Defects in which of the following embryological tissues are the MOST LIKELY cause of this congenital anomaly?
A. Arch 3 mesoderm
B. Arch 3 neural crest cells
C. Arch 4/6 mesoderm
D. Arch 4/6 neural crest cells
D. Arch 4/6 neural crest cells
mesoderm: muscle
neural crest cells: bone/cartilage
A newborn has trouble swallowing. Imaging of the newborn reveals a gut tube malformation. Using your knowledge of gut tube and pharyngeal apparatus development, what other head and neck structures might be affected in this patient?
a. Stapes
b. Laryngeal cartilages
c. Muscles of facial expression
d. Stylopharyngeus muscle
e. Thymus
e. Thymus
thymus (from pouch 3) grows down into foregut
