anat chapter 8 Flashcards
commonly called the spine or spinal column, is a complex succession of many bones called vertebrae
Vertebral column
which follows the various curves of the spinal column, begins at the base of the skull, and extends distally into the sacrum.
Spinal canal
which is enclosed and protected by the spinal canal, begins below the medulla oblongata of the brain, which passes through the foramen magnum o the skull.
Spinal cord
tough fibrocartilaginous disks separate typical adult vertebrae.
Intervertebral disks
The first seven vertebrae
Cervical vertebrae
The next 12 vertebrae, and each of these connects to a pair of ribs.
Thoracic vertebrae
The largest individual vertebrae are the five lumbar vertebrae.
Lumbar vertebrae
develop as multiple separate bones and then use into two distinct bones.
Sacrum and coccyx
how many separate bones in the vertebral column of a young child.
33
how many of the adult vertebral column separate bones.
26
a rounded inward or depressed surface like a cave
concave
a rounded outward or elevated surface; are used to describe AP curves.
convex
abnormal anterior concavity o the lumbar spine
Lordosis
abnormal condition characterized by increased convexity o the thoracic spine curvature
Kyphosis
more serious type of problem that occurs when a pronounced S-shaped lateral curvature exists.
Scoliosis
which extend posteriorly rom either side of the vertebral body, form most of the sides of the vertebral arch.
Pedicles
amphiarthrodial joints that are found between the vertebral bodies.
Intervertebral Joints
not directly involved in the stability of the spinal column itself
Costal Joints
along the upper surface of each pedicle is a half-moon-shaped area
Superior Vertebral Notch -
small and arise from both the pedicle and the body, rather than from the pedicle-lamina junction.
Transverse Processes
hole in each transverse process.
Transverse Foramen
located behind the transverse process at the junction of the pedicle and lamina.
Cervical Articular Processes
part of the second cervical vertebra, but a superior perspective of C1, held in place by the transverse atlantal ligament.
Odontoid Process or dens
presents a large depressed surface called a superior facet for articulation with the respective left and right occipital condyles o the skull.
Superior Articular Processes (L&R) -
Each thoracic vertebra has a full facet or two partial facets, called demifacets, on each side of the body.
Costovertebral Joints
In addition to costovertebral joints, all of the first 10 thoracic vertebrae also have facets
Costotransverse Joints
The openings of the intervertebral foramina on the thoracic vertebrae are located at right angles, or 90°
Thoracic intervertebral foramina
The structure and angles of the facets of the inferior and superior articular processes
Thoracic Zygapophyseal Joints
are spaces or openings between pedicles when two vertebrae are stacked on each other.
Intervertebral Foramina
The first cervical vertebra, the atlas, a name derived from the Greek god
Atlas (C1)
