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Anatomy AND Physiology Of The Eye > Anat and Physio > Flashcards

Anat and Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three layers of the eye ball

A
  1. Fibrous(Sclera n Cornea) 2. Vascular(Choroid, Ciliary Body, Iris) 3. Inner (Retina)
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2
Q

Name the two parts of the fibrous layer.

A
  1. Cornea = anterior 1/6 2. Sclera = posterior 5/6
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3
Q

What is the external sheet of the cornea made of?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

What is the corneal endothelium (deep epithelial sheet) composed of?.

A

Simple squamous endothelium

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5
Q

features of the cornea that allow it to keep its transparency

A
  1. No blood vessels 2. Active sodium pumps in corneal endothelium
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6
Q

What is the constant pressure in the cornea

A

There is a constant intraocular pressure pushing aq humour into stroma

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7
Q

What is the benefit of the endothelial pump

A

Maintains clarity of cornea by keeping water content low.

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8
Q

What is the function of the sclera?

A

Provides anchoring site for extrinsic eye muscles

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9
Q

Name the three parts of the vascular layer.

A
  1. Choroid 2. Ciliary body 3. Iris
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10
Q

What is the function of the choroid?

A
  1. Supplies blood to all 3 layers of the eye. 2. Melanocytes absorb light and prevent it from scattering.
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11
Q

What is the function of the iris?

A

Controls diameter of pupil regulating amount of light admitted to eye.

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12
Q

What muscles control the iris functions

A
  1. Dilator pupillae - radial muscle 2. Sphincter pupillae - circular muscle
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13
Q

List the two functions of the ciliary body

A
  1. Smooth muscle bundles control shape of lens 2. Produces aqueous humor.
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14
Q

Describe the vascularity of the retina.

A
  1. Inner 2/3 supplied by central artery 2. Outer 1/3 - supplied by blood vessels in choroid
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15
Q

Describe the histology of the fovea centralis

A
  1. Avascular. 2. Contains only cones. 3. Outer layers of retina displaced - allows light to pass directly to cones.
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16
Q

How does the eye focus an image on the retina?

A

Ciliary muscles and ciliary zonule change shape of lens.

17
Q

What is the anatomical positioning of the lens

A

Sits behind the pupil suspended from ciliary body by sensory ligaments in a 360 degree fashion

18
Q

Describe the structure of the lens

A
  1. Avascular 2. Biconvex 3. Enclosed in thin, elastic capsule. 4. Flexible 5. Transparent
19
Q

Why is it harder for eye to focus as we get older age?

A
  1. Cuboidal cells in lens ==> new lens fibers continually 2. Lens gets larger, denser, more convex, and less elastic.
20
Q

What structure separates the anterior and posterior segments of the eye?

A

Lens

21
Q

Describe the structure of the anterior segment?

A
  1. Divided into 2 chambers - anterior and posterior - by iris. 2. Filled with aqueous humor.
22
Q

Name the two muscles of the eyelid and describe their functions.

A
  1. Levator palpebrae superioris - elevates to open 2. Obicularis oculi - contracts to close
23
Q

What is the conjunctiva

A

Membrane that lines the inside of the eye lid and the sclera infront - doesn’t extend over cornea

24
Q

True or False. The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and is reflected over the anterior surface of the eyeball is the conjunctiva.

A

True

25
Q

True or False. Vitamin A needed by the photoreceptor cells is stored by the cells of the retina pigmented layer.

A

False. Stored by the retinals.

26
Q

True or False. The optic disc is forms a blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.

A

True

27
Q

True or False. Ciliary muscles are considered voluntary, skeletal muscle.

A

False. Ciliary muscles are controlled by parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve.

28
Q

True or False. The neural layer of the retina prevents excessive scattering of light within the eye.

A

False. The pigmented layer prevents excessive scattering of light.

29
Q

True or False. Light passes through the entire thickness of the neural layer of the retina to excite the photoreceptors.

A

True.

Anatomy AND Physiology Of The Eye (4 decks)

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