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Cardiac A/P > Anat and Phys > Flashcards

Anat and Phys Flashcards

1
Q

structures of the heart?

A

R/L atrium and ventricle
great vessels
valves

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2
Q

great vessels of heart?

A

aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, vena cava

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3
Q

valves of heart?

A

aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, mitral

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4
Q

job of fossa ovalis? (r atrium)

A

shunts blood from right to leftq

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5
Q

interatrial septum? (r atrium)

A

wall between right atrium and left atrium

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6
Q

tricuspid valve? (r atrium)

A

between right atrium and right ventricle

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7
Q

houses roots of electrical system? (r atrium)

A

SA node and AV node

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8
Q

bottom right chamber and anterior surface of heart is part of?

A

right ventricle

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9
Q

trabeculae (r ventricle)?

A

convey part of conduction system in both ventricles

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10
Q

cordae tendineae (r ventricle)?

A

tendon like cords connected to tricuspid valve

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11
Q

papillary muscle (r ventricle)?

A

cone shaped trabecula carenae that project from the ventricle

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12
Q

intraventricular septum (r ventricle)?

A

separates right and left ventricle

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13
Q

pulmonary valve (r ventricle)?

A

semilunar valves (between ventricle and artery that carry blood away from heart and prevent backflow) three cusps, between R ventricle and pulmonary trunk

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14
Q

top left chamber?

A

left atrium

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15
Q

job of left atrium?

A

primes the pump ( holding chamber for blood coming from circulatory system (LUNGS) and acts as a pump to transport blood to left ventricle)

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16
Q

mitral valve (L atrium)?

A

two cusps, between left atrium and left ventricle

17
Q

bottom left chamber?

A

left ventricle

18
Q

apex of heart?

A

left ventricle

19
Q

thickest wall and main pump?

A

left ventricle

20
Q

aportic valve (L ventricle)?

A

three cusps between left ventricle and ascending aorta, semilunar

21
Q

blood flow through the heart?

A

enters right atrium from vena cava and coronary sinus> passes through tricuspid valve to right ventricle> passes through pulmonary valve to pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries and lungs> returns to heart via pulmonary veins, enters left atrium, passes through mitral valve to left ventricle> passes through aortic valve to aorta then to coronary and systemic arteries

22
Q

coronary circulation?

A

-the heart feeds itself before anything else, delivers oxygenated blood to myocardium
-originate at the base of the aorta
-deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium via coronary sinus

23
Q

right coronary artery (RCA)?

A

small branches to right atrium
posterior intraventricular branch
marginal branch

24
Q

left main coronary artery (L Main)?

A

left anterior descending (LAD)
left circumflex branch (CIRC or CX)

25
Q

tissue layers of the heart?

A

pericardium>epicardium>myocardium>endocardium

26
Q

pericardium?

A

outer membrane/sac
protects the heart
keeps the heart in place

27
Q

epicardium?

A

external layer
thin, transparent, smooth

28
Q

myocardium?

A

middle layer
cardiac muscle

29
Q

endocardium?

A

inner layer
thin layer of endothelium & connective tissue
smooth lining
covers valves

30
Q

cardiac cycle?

A

systole and diastole (s/d = bpm)

31
Q

systole?

A

ventricular contraction
emptying phase
lasts 0/3 seconds

32
Q

diastole?

A

ventricular relaxation
filling phase
lasts 0.5 seconds
coronary perfusion occurs

33
Q

risk factors for CAD (coronary artery disease)?

A

high cholesterol
high bp
diabetes
tobacco use
stress
obesity
sedentary lifestyle
age
fam hx

34
Q

when talking about coronary artery diameter control, what does a demand in O2 result in?

A

release of a vasodilator substance from myocardium (we use vasodilators in NM)

35
Q

what his happening in the vessels when the myocardium releases a vasodilator?

A

coronary vessels relax and dilate as a result
vessels with disease or blockages will not dilate as much

36
Q

coronary atherosclerosis?

A

build up of plaque that narrows the coronary arteries
restricts blood flow and oxygen delivery
can lead to tissue damage/ disease which can effect the conduction system (arrythmias)

37
Q

how does coronary atherosclerosis form?

A

-cholesterol and triglycerides accumulate in vessels
-local cells oxidize the cholesterol
-macrophages and foam cells rupture and from a fatty streak
-maturing plaque forms a fibrous cap with a lipid rich core separating it from platelets
-if fibrous cap ruptures the injured tissue is exposed t platelets and other coagulation factors
-forms a blood clot or thrombus, occluding the artery and reducing blood flow
-may result in myocardial infarction

Cardiac A/P (3 decks)

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