Anat and Phys

Question 1

structures of the heart?

Answer 1

R/L atrium and ventricle
great vessels
valves

Question 2

great vessels of heart?

Answer 2

aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, vena cava

Question 3

valves of heart?

Answer 3

aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, mitral

Question 4

job of fossa ovalis? (r atrium)

Answer 4

shunts blood from right to leftq

Question 5

interatrial septum? (r atrium)

Answer 5

wall between right atrium and left atrium

Question 6

tricuspid valve? (r atrium)

Answer 6

between right atrium and right ventricle

Question 7

houses roots of electrical system? (r atrium)

Answer 7

SA node and AV node

Question 8

bottom right chamber and anterior surface of heart is part of?

Answer 8

right ventricle

Question 9

trabeculae (r ventricle)?

Answer 9

convey part of conduction system in both ventricles

Question 10

cordae tendineae (r ventricle)?

Answer 10

tendon like cords connected to tricuspid valve

Question 11

papillary muscle (r ventricle)?

Answer 11

cone shaped trabecula carenae that project from the ventricle

Question 12

intraventricular septum (r ventricle)?

Answer 12

separates right and left ventricle

Question 13

pulmonary valve (r ventricle)?

Answer 13

semilunar valves (between ventricle and artery that carry blood away from heart and prevent backflow) three cusps, between R ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 14

top left chamber?

Answer 14

left atrium

Question 15

job of left atrium?

Answer 15

primes the pump ( holding chamber for blood coming from circulatory system (LUNGS) and acts as a pump to transport blood to left ventricle)

Question 16

mitral valve (L atrium)?

Answer 16

two cusps, between left atrium and left ventricle

Question 17

bottom left chamber?

Answer 17

left ventricle

Question 18

apex of heart?

Answer 18

left ventricle

Question 19

thickest wall and main pump?

Answer 19

left ventricle

Question 20

aportic valve (L ventricle)?

Answer 20

three cusps between left ventricle and ascending aorta, semilunar

Question 21

blood flow through the heart?

Answer 21

enters right atrium from vena cava and coronary sinus> passes through tricuspid valve to right ventricle> passes through pulmonary valve to pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries and lungs> returns to heart via pulmonary veins, enters left atrium, passes through mitral valve to left ventricle> passes through aortic valve to aorta then to coronary and systemic arteries

Question 22

coronary circulation?

Answer 22

-the heart feeds itself before anything else, delivers oxygenated blood to myocardium
-originate at the base of the aorta
-deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium via coronary sinus

Question 23

right coronary artery (RCA)?

Answer 23

small branches to right atrium
posterior intraventricular branch
marginal branch

Question 24

left main coronary artery (L Main)?

Answer 24

left anterior descending (LAD)
left circumflex branch (CIRC or CX)

Question 25

tissue layers of the heart?

Answer 25

pericardium>epicardium>myocardium>endocardium

Question 26

pericardium?

Answer 26

outer membrane/sac protects the heart keeps the heart in place

Question 27

epicardium?

Answer 27

external layer thin, transparent, smooth

Question 28

myocardium?

Answer 28

middle layer cardiac muscle

Question 29

endocardium?

Answer 29

inner layer thin layer of endothelium & connective tissue smooth lining covers valves

Question 30

cardiac cycle?

Answer 30

systole and diastole (s/d = bpm)

Question 31

systole?

Answer 31

ventricular contraction emptying phase lasts 0/3 seconds

Question 32

diastole?

Answer 32

ventricular relaxation filling phase lasts 0.5 seconds coronary perfusion occurs

Question 33

risk factors for CAD (coronary artery disease)?

Answer 33

high cholesterol high bp diabetes tobacco use stress obesity sedentary lifestyle age fam hx

Question 34

when talking about coronary artery diameter control, what does a demand in O2 result in?

Answer 34

release of a vasodilator substance from myocardium (we use vasodilators in NM)

Question 35

what his happening in the vessels when the myocardium releases a vasodilator?

Answer 35

coronary vessels relax and dilate as a result vessels with disease or blockages will not dilate as much

Question 36

coronary atherosclerosis?

Answer 36

build up of plaque that narrows the coronary arteries restricts blood flow and oxygen delivery can lead to tissue damage/ disease which can effect the conduction system (arrythmias)

Question 37

how does coronary atherosclerosis form?

Answer 37

-cholesterol and triglycerides accumulate in vessels -local cells oxidize the cholesterol -macrophages and foam cells rupture and from a fatty streak -maturing plaque forms a fibrous cap with a lipid rich core separating it from platelets -if fibrous cap ruptures the injured tissue is exposed t platelets and other coagulation factors -forms a blood clot or thrombus, occluding the artery and reducing blood flow -may result in myocardial infarction