anat additional

Question 1

horner’s syndrome

Answer 1

lack of sympathetic innervation
mild ptosis
reverse ptosis of lower lid

Question 2

CN 3 palsy

Answer 2

significant upper eyelid ptosis

eye is down and out

Question 3

Thyroid eye disease

Answer 3

retraction of muscle of Muller

“stare appearance”

Question 4

Meibomian glands

Answer 4

large SEBACEOUS GLANDS located posterior to lash follicles within tarsal plate

Question 5

Nerves of eyelids

Answer 5

Voluntary motor: zygomatic of CN 7 - orbicularis oculi
Involuntary motor: SNS - Muller muscle
Sensory: upper and lower lids by branches of CN 5

Question 6

What are 2 locations of FENESTRATED capillaries

Answer 6

MACI

Choroid

Question 7

What is pars plicata

Answer 7

aka Corona Ciliaris (think “crown shaped”
where the NPCE is
where the aqueous humor is produced thru B2 receptors

Question 8

Where are zonules primarily formed?

Answer 8

Pars plana

Question 9

What are the 4 layers of the iris

Answer 9

Anterior border layer (iris color = melanin)
Stroma (BV located)
Blood aqueous barrier (Minor circle of iris
Anterior epithelium (dilator is located here–in ciliary zone and pupillary zone)

Question 10

Blood vessels are located in which layer of the iris

Answer 10

Iris stroma

Question 11

What do RPE pumps do?

Answer 11

• phagocytize the outer segments of the PR and sends to the choroid
• pump waste out
• pump nutrients from the choroid -> sensory retina

Question 12

is bruch’s membrane hydrophobic or hydrophilic

Answer 12

Hydrophilic = loves nutrients

“Blue for hydrophilic” , break bruch’s = BAD = Blind

Question 13

important 2 layers of the bruch’s membrane

Answer 13

Elastic layer = structure for bruch’s membrane

intercollagenous layer

Question 14

Where is drusen accumulated

Answer 14

in the intercollagenous layer of the bruch’s membrane

Question 15

Drusen causes bruch’s membrane to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 15

Hydrophobic = Bruch’s membrane won’t allow nutrients to cross

Question 16

6 conditions that have break in bruch’s membrane or PED

Answer 16

CHBALA
choroidal rupture (trauma of choroid)
histoplasmosis (choroiditis)
best's disease
AMD
lacquer cracks
angioid streaks

Question 17

layers of the choroidal stroma (2)

Answer 17

HOLSIM
Sattler = superficial = inner = medium vessels
Haller = outer = Large vessels

Question 18

What are two locations of blood retinal barrier

Answer 18

Inner blood retinal barrier = Within retinal vasculature/vessels
Outer blood retinal barrier = RPE

Question 19

what are the components of the vitreous (most to least)

Answer 19

water
collagen type 2 “peace sign”
hyaluronic acid

Question 20

What are components of primary vitreous

Answer 20

• space behind lens and vitreous
• cloquet’s canal passes thru
• Bergmeister’s papilla

Question 21

meninges and myelination of optic nerve begins at the:
A) Optic canal
B) Optic chiasm
C) Lamina cribrosa
D) Optic disc

Answer 21

C) lamina cribrosa

Question 22

Aqueous component of tears by which 3 glands

Answer 22

Krause glands & Wolfring glands are accessory lacrimal glands
Lacrimal glands

Question 23

3 sebaceous glands

Answer 23

Glands of Moll
Meibomian glands
Zeiss glands

Question 24

winking involves which portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

Answer 24

Orbital portion & palpebral portion

Question 25

What is the relationship b/w RPE and retinol

Answer 25

RPE stores Retinol aka Vitamin A

Question 26

what is the function of the ellipsoid of a PR

Answer 26

Provides ATP to shuttle things in

Question 27

What is the function of a myoid in a PR

Answer 27

Makes photopigments or proteins

Question 28

Describe the pathway of retinol

Answer 28

retinol in RPE becomes -> 11-cis RetinAl -> goes to PR and when light hits it, it becomes -> all-trans retinAl -> goes to RPE as RETINOL

Question 29

What is the weakest area of the sclera?

Answer 29

Lamina cribrosa

damage most likely at optic nerve within lamina cribrosa if IOP is elevated