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Year 2 - Semester 1 > ANAT 315 2/2 > Flashcards

ANAT 315 2/2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pelvic girdle made up of?

A

Hip bone (innominate x2), sacrum and the coccyx

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2
Q

Innominate Bone

A

3 fused bones: Ilium, Pubis and Ischium

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3
Q

Features of the Ilium

A

-4 spines
-Iliac crest
-Iliac fossa
-Arcuate Line
-Greater sciatic notch
-Iliac tuberosity
-Auricular Surface
-Gluteal surface
-

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4
Q

Features of the Ischium

A

-Ischial Spine
-Lesser Sciatic notch
-Ischial Tuberosity
-Ischial Ramus

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5
Q

Features of the Pubis

A

-Pectineal Line
-Superior &Inferior Pubic ramus
-Symphyseal surface
-Body

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6
Q

Shared features of the Ischium, Ilium and Pubis

A

-Acetabulum (all 3)
-Obturator foramen (Pubis & Ischium)
-Ischiopubic ramus (pubis & Ischium)
-Iliopectineal line (ilium & pubis)

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7
Q

Difference between male and female pelvic girdles?

A

Females have wider space than males

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8
Q

Features of the sacrum

A

-Sacral ala
-Sacral Canal
-Posterior and Anterior Sacral Foramina
-Sacral Promontory
-Sacral Hiatus
-Auricular surface (shared with ilium)

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9
Q

where is Coccyx located

A

inferior of sacrum

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10
Q

What is the pelvic Inlet & what are its 3 borders?

A

superior opening of pelvis

Anterior border: pubic symphysis

Posterior border: Sacral promontory and ala

Lateral border: iliopectineal line

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11
Q

What is the pelvic Outlet & what are its 3 borders?

A

inferior opening of pelvis

Anterior border: Pubic arch

Posterior border: Coccyx

Lateral border: Ischial Tuberosity

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12
Q

True vs False Pelvis

A

False Pelvis: contains organs of lower abdomen

True Pelvis: between the inlet and outlet; where the viscera is located

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13
Q

Pubic Symphysis Joint

A

-fibrocartilaginous
-between pubis’
-connected by pubis symphysis on symphyseal surface

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14
Q

Sacroiliac Joint

A

-where sacrum and ilium articulate
-articulation at auricular surfaces

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15
Q

Sacroiliac Ligament

A

-attaches sacrum to ilium

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16
Q

Sacrospinous Ligament

A

-connects sacrum and Ischial Spine
-assists in supporting sacroiliac joint

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17
Q

Sacrotuberous Ligaments

A

-3 attachment points; posterior superior iliac spine, sacrum and the ischial tuberosity

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18
Q

Inguinal Ligaments

A

-does not support sacroiliac joint
-connects at anterior superior iliac spine and pubis

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19
Q

Sciatic Foramina

A

-Greater can be viewed anteriorly above the sacrospinous ligament

-lesser can be viewed anteriorly below the sacrospinous ligament and above the sacrotuberous ligament

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20
Q

Hip Joint

A

-articulation between innominate bone and femur
-synovial ball and socket joint
-triaxial
-more stable than mobile

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21
Q

Acetabulum

A

-Shared by the 3 fused bones
-socket that head of femur sits inside

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22
Q

Features of the Acetabulum

A

-lunate surface (inside)
-acetabular labrum (extends out for more stability

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23
Q

Femoral Head

A

contains fovea (attachment site for ligamentum teres)

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24
Q

Ligamentum Teres

A

-holds femoral head in acetabulum

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25
Q

3 supporting ligaments of the hip joint

A

Iliofemoral, Pubofemoral, Ischiofemoral

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26
Q

Iliofemoral Ligament

A

-connects Ilium to femur
-Y ligament
-prevents hyperextention
-in the middle of the other 2

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27
Q

Pubofemoral Ligament

A

-connects pubis to femur
-prevents excesstive abduction
-anterior of the 3

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28
Q

Ischiofemoral Ligament

A

-connects ischium to femur
-prevents hyperextenstion
-posterior of the 3

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29
Q

Features of the proximal femur

A

-head
-neck
-fovea
-Greater trochanter
-Trochanteric fossa
-Lesser trochanter
-Intertrochanteric crest
-Intertrochanteric line
-Gluteal Tuberosity

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30
Q

Function of pelvic floor

A

support pelvic viscera

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31
Q

Ischiococcygeus Origin

A

inferior end of sacrum

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32
Q

Ischiococcygeus. Insertion

A

ischial spine

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33
Q

Ischiococcygeus Action

A

supports pelvic viscera

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34
Q

Levator Ani Origin

**group of 3 muscles

A

pubis, superior pubic ramus

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35
Q

Levator Ani Insertion

A

anococcygeal ligament, coccyx

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36
Q

Levator Ani Action

A

supports pelvic viscera

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37
Q

2 hiatuses of pelvic floor

A

Anal (posteriorly) and Urogenetial (anteriorly)

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38
Q

Piriformis Origin

A

pelvic surface of sacrum

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39
Q

Piriformis Insertion

A

apex of the greater trochanter of the femur

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40
Q

Piriformis Action

A

Lateral rotation, abduction, and extension of hip joint

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41
Q

Sciatic nerve orgin

A

lumbosacral plexus (L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)

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42
Q

What is prirformis syndrome?

A

when piriformis muscle compresses sciatic nerve

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43
Q

Obturator Externus Origin

A

outer surface of obturator membrane

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44
Q

Obturator Externus Insertion

A

trochanteric fossa of the femur

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45
Q

Obturator Externus Action

A

Lateral rotation,and adduction of the hip joint

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46
Q

Obturator Internus Origin

A

inner surface of obturator membrane

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47
Q

Oturator Internus Insertion

A

medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

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48
Q

Obturator Internus Action

A

Lateral. rotation, adduction and extension of hip joint

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49
Q

Gemellus Superior Origin

A

Ischial Spine

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50
Q

Gemellus Superior Insertion

A

medial surface greater trochanter

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51
Q

Gemellus Superior Action

A

lateral rotation, adduction and extension of hip joint

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52
Q

Gemellus Inferior Origin

A

ischial tuberosity

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53
Q

Gemellus Inferior Insertion

A

medial surface greater trochanter

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54
Q

Gemellus Inferior Action

A

lateral rotation, adduction and extension of hip joint

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55
Q

Quadratus Femoris Origin

A

Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

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56
Q

Quadratus Femoris Insertion

A

interotrochanteric crest of femur

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57
Q

Quadratus Femoris Action

A

lateral rotation and adduction of the hip joint

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58
Q

Gluteus Maximus Origin

A

Sacrum, ilium, thoracolumbar fascia and sacrotuberous ligament

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59
Q

Gluteus Maximus Insertion

A

iliotibial tract, and gluteal tuberosity of femur

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60
Q

Gluteus Maximus Action

A

extension, lateral rotation and adduction

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61
Q

Gluteus Medius Origin

A

ilium

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62
Q

Gluteus Medius Insertion

A

greater trochanter of the femur

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63
Q

Gluteus Medius Action

A

abduction of the hip joint

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64
Q

Gluteus Minimus origin

A

ilium

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65
Q

Gluteus Minimus Insertion

A

greater trochanter of the femur

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66
Q

Gluteus Minimus Action

A

abduction of the hip joint

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67
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL) origin

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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68
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL) insertion

A

iliotibial tract

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69
Q

Femoral artery

A

-enters lower limb at inguinal ligament

-travels down anteromedial aspect of the thigh

-passes through adductor hiatus

-supplies the anterior thigh

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70
Q

Femoral artery branches

A

-profunda femoris (deep)
-Lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA)
-Medial circumflex femoral artery

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71
Q

Profunda Femoris

A

-passes between muscles of the medial compartment
-pierces the medial compartment muscle
-supplies blood to POSTERIOR THIGH

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72
Q

Lateral Circumflex femoral artery

A

-short branch of the deep femoral artery
-curves around the neck of femur =”circumflex”
-supplies blood to anterior thigh and hip joint

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73
Q

Medial circumflex femoral artery

A

-posteromedial branch of deep femoral artery
-courses around neck of femur
-emerges in gluteal region
-supplies blood to posterior thigh and hip joint

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74
Q

Blood supply of the thigh

A

-femoral artery
-femoral artery branches (profunda femoris, LCFA, MCFA)

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75
Q

Popliteal fossa arteries

A
  1. Popliteal artery
  2. Geniculate arteries
  3. Posterior recurrent tibial artery
  4. Anterior tibial artery
  5. Posterior tibial artery
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76
Q

Popliteal artery

A

-enters leg at the base of the popliteal fossa
-supplies blood: knee joint and superficial posterior leg

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77
Q

Posterior tibial recurrent artery

A

-branches laterally from popliteal artery
-moves superior = “recurrent”
-supplies blood: tibia and proximal end of fibula

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78
Q

Anterior tibial artery

A

-originates posteriorly
-branches laterally from popliteal artery
-pierces interosseous membrane towards anterior aspect of leg

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79
Q

anterior tibial arteries

A

-runs deep on top of interosseous membrane
-terminstes in the foot
-supplies blood to anterior leg
-branches into :anterior tibial recurrent artery

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80
Q

Anterior tibial recurrent artery

A

-moved back upwards
-terminates superiorly at the anterior knee joint
-supplies blood to knee joint
-branches off the anterior tibial artery

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81
Q

Posterior Tibial Arteries

A

-runs between the superficial and deep posterior muscle groups
-terminates in the foot
-supplies blood to posterior leg

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82
Q

Fibular artery

A

-branches off posterior tibial artery
-runs down parallel and lateral to tibial artery
-supplies blood to lateral leg and superficial posterior leg

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83
Q

DOrsum of the foot

A

-enters via anterior tibial artery
- ATA bifurcates a the dorsum of the foot into lateral tarsal artery and dorsalis pedis artery
-deep plantar artery branches posteriorly
-supplies digits and dorsum of foot

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84
Q

Plantar surface of the foot

A

-enters via the posterior tibial artery
-curves under the medial calcaneus
-supplies the plantar surface of the foot and digits

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85
Q

Veins of the foot

A

-anterior tibial veins
-great saphenous vein
-plantar venous network of the foot
-dorsal venous network of the foot
-posterior tibial veins

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86
Q

Veins of the leg

A

-popliteal vein
-great saphenous vein
-anterior tibial veins
-posterior tibial veins
-venous network of the foot

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87
Q

Great saphenous vein

A

-empties into the femoral vein

*medial

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88
Q

Femoral vein

A

-ascends from the popliteal vein
-ascends to the inguinal region

89
Q

Obturator nerve

A

-L2-L4
-exits through obturator foramen
-runs down anterior medial aspect of thigh
-terminates in thigh

-Motor Innervation: medial thigh muscles

-Sensory innervation: skin over the proximal part of the medial thigh

90
Q

Femoral Nerve

A

-L2-L4
-exits via inguinal ligament
-decends in the anterior thigh to leg
-divides into branches

91
Q

Sciatic Nerve

A

-L4-S3
-exits through greater sciatic foramen
-runs inferiorly between the medial and posterior thigh compartments
-gives off muscular branches

92
Q

Obturator nerve motor innervation

A

medial thigh muscles

93
Q

obturator nerve sensory innervation

A

skin over the proximal part of the medial thigh

94
Q

femoral nerve motor innervation

A

anterior thigh mescles

95
Q

femoral nerve sensory information

A

skin of anteromedial thigh and medial aspects of knee, leg and foot

96
Q

Sciatic nerve motor innervation

A

posterior thigh muscles

97
Q

Sciaic Nerve Termination

A

terminates in the popliteal fossa by dividing into two branches;

-tibial nerve
-fibular nerve

98
Q

Tibial Nerve

A

-branches off sciatic nerve
-continues down posterior leg
-terminates in heel of foot

99
Q

Tibial nerve motor innervation

A

posterior leg muscles and majority of foot muscles

100
Q

tibial nerve sensory innervation

A

sole of foot and posterior leg

101
Q

Fibular (peroneal) nerve

A

-branches off sciatic
-curves around head of fibula
-when in anterior compartment, divides into 3 branches
-terminates in the foot

102
Q

Fibular nerve motor innervation

A

-lateral and anterior leg muscles
-medial aspect of foot muscles

103
Q

fibular nerve sensory information

A

lateral leg and dorsum of the foot

104
Q

what damange can a broken fibula cause

A

damage peroneal (fibular) nerve

105
Q

Fascia Lata

A

-forms membrane that separates the compartments

106
Q

what fuses with the fascia lata

A

-gluteus maximus
-tensor fascia latae

107
Q

Anterior Compartment of Upper Thigh (8)

A

-Psoas
-Iliacus
-Rectus femoris
-Vasus Lateralis
-Sartorius
-Vastus Medialis
-Vastus Intermedius
-Quadriceps femoris tendon

108
Q

What is the anterior compartment of the upper thigh innervated by

A

femoral nerve

109
Q

Psoas major Origin

A

transverse process and vertebral bodies of T12-L5

110
Q

Iliacus Origin

A

iliac fossa

111
Q

What does psoas major and iliacus become

A

iliopsoas

112
Q

iliopsoas insertion

A

lesser trochanter of femur

113
Q

iliopsoas action

A

-flexes the thigh at hip joint
-lateral rotation of the thigh

114
Q

Where does psoas and iliacus become iliopsoas

A

Inguinal Ligament

115
Q

Sartorius origin

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

116
Q

Sartorius Insertion

A

medial surface of the tibia

117
Q

sartorius action

A

-flexes thigh at hip joint
-flexes leg at knee joint

118
Q

Rectus Femoris origin

A

anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

119
Q

Rectus femoris Insertion

A

quadriceps femoris tendon

120
Q

rectus femoris action

A

-flexes thigh at hip joint
-extend leg at knee joint

121
Q

What are the three vastus muscles

A

Vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius

122
Q

Vastus Lateralis origin

A

Lateral intertrochanteric line of femur

123
Q

Vastus Lateralis Insertion

A

Lateral patella via quadriceps femoris tendon

124
Q

Vastus Medialis Origin

A

Medial intertrochanteric line of femur

125
Q

Vastus Medialis Insertion

A

Medial Patella via quadriceps femoris tendon

126
Q

Action of the vastus lateralis and medialis

A

extend leg at knee joint

127
Q

Vastus intermedius Origin

A

Upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral femur

128
Q

Vastus Intermedius Insertion

A

-Quadriceps femoris tendon
- lateral patella
- lateral condyle of tibia

129
Q

Vastus intermedius Action

A

extend leg at knee joint

130
Q

Vastus intermedius innervation

A

Femoral N

131
Q

Muscles of the superficial medial compartment of the thigh

A

-Gracilis
-pectineus
-adductor longus

132
Q

Muscles of the deep medial compartment of the upper thigh

A

-adductor brevis
-adductor magnus
-adductor hiatus

133
Q

Gracilis origin

A

-inferior pubic ramus
-ischial ramus

134
Q

Gracilis insertion

A

medial surface of proximal tibia

135
Q

gracilis action

A

-adduct thigh
-flex the leg

136
Q

Pectineus origin

A

pectineal line

137
Q

Gracilis innervation

A

obturator nerve

138
Q

pectineus insertion

A

pectineal line of the femur

139
Q

pectineus action

A

-adduct and flex thigh

140
Q

pectineus innervation

A

femoral nerve

141
Q

Adductor longus origin

A

external surface of pubis

142
Q

adductor longus insertion

A

linea aspera of the femur

143
Q

adductor longus action

A

adduct and medially rotate thigh at hip

144
Q

addcutor longus innervation

A

obturator n

145
Q

Adductor brevis origin

A

-external surface of pubis
-inferior pubic ramus

146
Q

Addcutor brevis insertion

A

posterior surface of femur and upper 1/3 of linea aspera

147
Q

Addcutor brevis action

A

adducts and medially rotates the thigh at hip joint

148
Q

adductor brevis innervation

A

obturator nerve

149
Q

adductor magnus (adductor part) origin

A

ischiopubic ramus

150
Q

adductor magnus origin (hamstring part)

A

ischial tuberosity

151
Q

adductor magnus (adductor part) insertion

A

-posterior surface of proximal femur,
-linea aspera
-medial supercondylar line

152
Q

adductor magnus (hamstring part) insertion

A

supracondylar line

153
Q

adductor magnus (adductor part) innervation

A

obturator nerve

154
Q

adductor magnus innervation (hamstring part)

A

sciatic nerve

155
Q

Adductor magnus action

A

adduct and medially rotate thigh at hip

156
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle

A

superior. - inguinal
lateral - sartorius
medial - adductor longus
floor -pectineus

157
Q

contents of femroal triangle

A

femroal nerve artery and vein and lymph nodes

158
Q

Tibialis Anterior origin

A

-proximal anterior/lateral tibia
-interosseous membrane

159
Q

Extensor Hallicus Longus Origin

A

-middle 1/3 of medial fibula
-interosseous membrane

160
Q

Tibialis anterior insertion

A

-medial cuneiform
-base of 1st metatarsal

161
Q

Tibialis anterior action

A

-dorsiflexion
-inversion

162
Q

Extensor hallicus longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of hallux

163
Q

Extensor hallicus longus action

A

-dorsiflexion
-extend hallux

164
Q

Extensor digitorum longus origin

A

-lateral tibial condyle
-head and medial surface of fibula
-interosseous membrane

165
Q

Peroneus Tertius origin

A

anterior border of distal fibula

166
Q

Extensor digitorum longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx for digits 2-5

167
Q

extensor digitorum lobus action

A

-dorsiflexion
-extend digits 2-5

168
Q

peroneus tertius insertion

A

base of 5th metatarsal

169
Q

peroneus tertius action

A

-dorsiflexion
-eversion

170
Q

Peroneus longus origin

A

-head and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula

171
Q

peroneus longus insertion

A

-medial cuneiform
-base of 5th metatarsal

172
Q

peroneus longus action

A

-eversion
-plantarflexion

173
Q

peroneus brevis origin

A

distal 1/3 of lateral surface of fibula

174
Q

peroneus brevis insertion

A

base of 5th metatarsal

175
Q

peroneus brevis action

A

-eversion
-plantarflexion

176
Q

Gastronemius origin

A

-medial epicondyle of the femur
-lateral epicondyle of the femur

177
Q

gastrocnemius insertion

A

-calcaneal tubersoity via calcaneal tendon

178
Q

gastrocnemius action

A

-knee flexion
-plantarflexion

179
Q

soleus origin

A

-posterior surface of fibular head and neck
-soleal line

180
Q

soleus insertion

A

-calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon

181
Q

soleus action

A

plantarflexion

182
Q

planaris origin

A

lateral epicondyle of femur

183
Q

plantaris insertion

A

calcaneal tubersoity via calcaneal tendon

184
Q

plantaris action

A

-knee flexion
-plantarflexion

185
Q

Popliteus origin

A

-lateral femoral condyle
-lateral meniscus

186
Q

poplitus insertion

A

posterior tibial surface

187
Q

popliteus action

A

unlocks and stabilizes knee joint

188
Q

tibialis posterior origin

A

-interosseous membrane
-borders of tibia and fibula

189
Q

tibialis posterior insertion

A

-navicular
-cuneiforms
-base of 2-4 metatarsals

190
Q

tibialis posterior action

A

-plantarflexion
-eversion

191
Q

flexor digitorum longus origin

A

middle 1/3 of posterior surface of tibia

192
Q

flexor digitorum longus insertion

A

base of 2-5 phalanges

193
Q

flexor digitorum longus action

A

-plantarflexion
-inversion
-flexion of digits 2-5

194
Q

flexor hallicus longus action

A

-plantarflexion
-inversion
-flexion of hallux

195
Q

flexor hallucis longus origin

A

-distal 2/3 posterior fibula
-interosseous membrane

196
Q

flexor hallicus longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of hallux

197
Q

Biceps femoris long head origin

A

ischial tuberosity

198
Q

biceps femoris long head insertion

A

-lateral condyle of tibia
-head of fibula

199
Q

biceps femoris long head action

A

-hip extension
-medial rotation of tibia
-flex knee

200
Q

biceps femoris long head innervation

A

sciatic -> tibial N

201
Q

biceps femoris short head origin

A

linea aspera

202
Q

biceps femoris short head insertion

A

-lateral condyle of tibia
-head of fibula

203
Q

biceps femoris short head action

A

-knee flextion
-medial rotation tibia

204
Q

biceps femoris short head innervation

A

sciatic n-> fibular n

205
Q

semitendonosis origin

A

ischial tubersoity

206
Q

semitendonosis insertion

A

medial proximal tibia

207
Q

semitendonosis action

A

-hip extension
-knee flexion
-medial rotation of tibia

208
Q

semitendonosis inervation

A

sciatic n -> tibial n

209
Q

semimembranosis origin

A

ischial tuberosity

210
Q

semimembranosis insertion

A

medial condyle of tibia

211
Q

semimembranosis action

A

-knee felxion
-hip extension
-medial rotation of tibia

212
Q

semimembranosis innervation

A

sciatic n -> tibial n

213
Q

Extensor hallicus brevis origin

A

calcaneus

214
Q

extensor hallicus brevis insertion

A

-base of phalanx of hallux

215
Q

extensor hallicus brevis action

A

extend hallux

216
Q

extensor digitorum brevis origin

A

calcaneus

217
Q

extensor digitorum brevis insertion

A

base of phalanx 2-4

218
Q

extensor digitorum brevis action

A

extens toes 2-4

Year 2 - Semester 1 (6 decks)

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