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UNI > ANAT > Flashcards

ANAT Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous material join…

A

bone ends together

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2
Q

The amount of movement available depends on…

A

the length of the fibres

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3
Q

Examples of fibrous joints…

A

sutures (immovable)- between bones of skull

syndesmosis (sl. moveable)- between radius and ulna

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4
Q

Glenoid labrum is…

A

fibrous structure around the glenoid fossa

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5
Q

Functions of the glenoid labrum…

A
  • facilitate mobility
  • increase glenoid cavity
  • provide attachment for joint capsule, ligaments, muscles
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6
Q

What are the joints of the wrist complex and where are the located?

A
  • radiocarpal- between scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral and distal surface of radius + inferior radioulnar joint disc
  • midcarpal- between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
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7
Q

Radiocarpal joint classification and movements…

A
  • synovial, biaxial, ellipsoid

- flexion/extension, adduction/abduction

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8
Q

Attachment to the skeleton of a skeletal muscles organ…

A
  • must cross a joint
  • proximal attachment called the origin
  • distal attachment called the insertion
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9
Q

Action of muscles occurs when…

A

muscles contracts and shortens

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10
Q

The muscles ‘belly’ contains…

A

contractile cells

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11
Q

Pronator quadratus I and O…

A

O- distal 1/4 anterior ulna

I- distal 1/4 anterior radius

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12
Q

Palmar aponeurosis function…

A
  • binds skin of the palm

- improves grip

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13
Q

Femoral nerve motor and sensory…

A

M- iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, quadriceps group

S- skin of anterior and medial thigh, knee and hip joints

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14
Q

Obturator nerve motor and sensory…

A

M- pectineus, adductor brevis, longus and half of magnus, obt ext, gracilis
S- skin of medial thigh

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15
Q

Sciatic nerve motor and sensory…

A

M- hamstrings and half of adductor magnus

S- none

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16
Q

Tibial nerve motor and sensory…

A

M- gastrocs, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, TP, FHL, FDL, biceps femoris long head
S- knee and ankle joints

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17
Q

Common peroneal nerve motor and sensory…

A

M- None directly

S- knee joint, skin of ant. post. and lat upper leg (adj. to knee)

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18
Q

Superficial peroneal nerve motor and sensory…

A

M- peroneus longus and brevis

S- skin of lat leg, dorsum of foot except skin between digits 1 and 2

19
Q

Deep peroneal nerve motor and sensory…

A

M- tibialis anterior, EHL, EDL, peroneus tertius, EDB

S- skin between digits 1 and 2

20
Q

Femoral nerve…

A
  • Root value: L2,3,4
  • Descends lateral to Psoas major then enters thigh behind the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
  • Immediately divides into branches
  • Longest branch is the Saphenous nerve
21
Q

Obturator nerve…

A
  • Root value: L2,3,4
  • Passes through the pelvic cavity and enters the thigh through the obturator foramen
  • Immediately divides into branches
22
Q

Sciatic nerve…

A
  • Root value: L4,5,S1,2,3
  • Leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis
  • Passes through gluteal region and enters posterior compartment of thigh and runs inferiorly under the hamstrings
  • Divides into tibial & common peroneal nerves just above the knee
23
Q

Sartorius origin and insertion…

A

O- anterior superior iliac spine

I- medial surface of the upper part of the shaft of the tibia

24
Q

How many muscles bellies does the quadriceps femoris have?

A

4- rectus femoris crosses knee and hip, vasti cross only knee

25
Q

Trapezius origin and insertion…

A

O- skull, scapula, spinous processes

I- lateral clavicle, spine of scapula

26
Q

Erector spinae group from most medial to distal…

A

spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

27
Q

Transversospinalis group (3 points)…

A
  • attaches from transverse processes inferiorly to spinous processes superiorly (i.e. oblique orientation)
  • deep to erector spinae
  • consists of 3 parts: semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
28
Q

Semispinalis (3 points)…

A
  • superficial layer of transversospinalis- not present in lumbar region
  • muscle fibres span many (5-7) vertebral segments
  • extends & contralaterally rotates trunk, neck, head
29
Q

Multifidus (5 points)…

A
  • intermediate layer of transversospinalis
  • muscle fibres span a few (2-5) vertebral segments
  • found along the length of the whole vertebral column
  • most inferior fibres attach to the sacrum
  • longer fibres extend, contralaterally rotate & ipsilaterally laterally flex the trunk & neck
30
Q

Rotatores (4 points)…

A
  • deepest layer of transversospinalis
  • muscle fibres span 1 vertebral segment
  • best developed in the thoracic region
  • often absent in cervical & lumbar regions
31
Q

Trunk rotation to the left…

A
  • Contralateral rotation (right)- Multifidus, Semispinalis, External oblique
  • Ipsilateral rotation (left)- Internal oblique
32
Q

Distinguishing features of cervical vertebrae…

A

transverse foramen, bifid spinous process, large heart shaped vertebral foramen

33
Q

Distinguishing features of thoracic vertebrae…

A

costal facets, demi facets, circular vertebral foramen, big/thick transverse process

34
Q

Distinguishing features of lumbar vertebrae…

A

largest vertebral body, large/thick spinous process

35
Q

Orientation of facets of vertebrae…

A

cervical- horizontal
thoracic- vertical, anterior to posterior
lumbar- vertical, medial to lateral

36
Q

Interbody joint- the intervertebral disc…

A
  • modified fibrocartilaginous joint
  • symphysis
  • Components: cartilage end plate, annulus fibrosis, nucleus pulposus
37
Q

What are the components of the intervertebral disc?

A

cartilage end plate, annulus fibrosis, nucleus pulposis

38
Q

Cartilage end plate functions…

A
  • transmits weight to adjacent vertebral body
  • confines nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosis
  • role in securing nutrition for disc
39
Q

annulus fibrosis functions…

A
  • retain the nucleus pulposus

- allow and limit movement

40
Q

nucleus pulposis functions…

A
  • shock absorber

- force distributor

41
Q

Functions of interbody joint…

A

determine movement

  • Oblique orientation of annulus fibres means that shear movements in every direction are limited
  • Length of annulus fibres allows rocking movements
42
Q

Zygapophyseal joint- classification, articular surfaces, articular capsule

A
  • synovial, multiaxial, plane
  • superior and inferior articular facets
  • loose but reinforced by: ligamentum flavum, multifidus
43
Q

Functions of Z joint…

A
  • to determine the direction of vertebral column movement
  • to determine the range of vertebral column movement
  • to bear weight (67% in cervical region, 15% in lumbar region)

UNI (4 decks)

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