ANAT Flashcards
Fibrous material join…
bone ends together
The amount of movement available depends on…
the length of the fibres
Examples of fibrous joints…
sutures (immovable)- between bones of skull
syndesmosis (sl. moveable)- between radius and ulna
Glenoid labrum is…
fibrous structure around the glenoid fossa
Functions of the glenoid labrum…
- facilitate mobility
- increase glenoid cavity
- provide attachment for joint capsule, ligaments, muscles
What are the joints of the wrist complex and where are the located?
- radiocarpal- between scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral and distal surface of radius + inferior radioulnar joint disc
- midcarpal- between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
Radiocarpal joint classification and movements…
- synovial, biaxial, ellipsoid
- flexion/extension, adduction/abduction
Attachment to the skeleton of a skeletal muscles organ…
- must cross a joint
- proximal attachment called the origin
- distal attachment called the insertion
Action of muscles occurs when…
muscles contracts and shortens
The muscles ‘belly’ contains…
contractile cells
Pronator quadratus I and O…
O- distal 1/4 anterior ulna
I- distal 1/4 anterior radius
Palmar aponeurosis function…
- binds skin of the palm
- improves grip
Femoral nerve motor and sensory…
M- iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, quadriceps group
S- skin of anterior and medial thigh, knee and hip joints
Obturator nerve motor and sensory…
M- pectineus, adductor brevis, longus and half of magnus, obt ext, gracilis
S- skin of medial thigh
Sciatic nerve motor and sensory…
M- hamstrings and half of adductor magnus
S- none
Tibial nerve motor and sensory…
M- gastrocs, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, TP, FHL, FDL, biceps femoris long head
S- knee and ankle joints
Common peroneal nerve motor and sensory…
M- None directly
S- knee joint, skin of ant. post. and lat upper leg (adj. to knee)
Superficial peroneal nerve motor and sensory…
M- peroneus longus and brevis
S- skin of lat leg, dorsum of foot except skin between digits 1 and 2
Deep peroneal nerve motor and sensory…
M- tibialis anterior, EHL, EDL, peroneus tertius, EDB
S- skin between digits 1 and 2
Femoral nerve…
- Root value: L2,3,4
- Descends lateral to Psoas major then enters thigh behind the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
- Immediately divides into branches
- Longest branch is the Saphenous nerve
Obturator nerve…
- Root value: L2,3,4
- Passes through the pelvic cavity and enters the thigh through the obturator foramen
- Immediately divides into branches
Sciatic nerve…
- Root value: L4,5,S1,2,3
- Leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis
- Passes through gluteal region and enters posterior compartment of thigh and runs inferiorly under the hamstrings
- Divides into tibial & common peroneal nerves just above the knee
Sartorius origin and insertion…
O- anterior superior iliac spine
I- medial surface of the upper part of the shaft of the tibia
How many muscles bellies does the quadriceps femoris have?
4- rectus femoris crosses knee and hip, vasti cross only knee
Trapezius origin and insertion…
O- skull, scapula, spinous processes
I- lateral clavicle, spine of scapula
Erector spinae group from most medial to distal…
spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis
Transversospinalis group (3 points)…
- attaches from transverse processes inferiorly to spinous processes superiorly (i.e. oblique orientation)
- deep to erector spinae
- consists of 3 parts: semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
Semispinalis (3 points)…
- superficial layer of transversospinalis- not present in lumbar region
- muscle fibres span many (5-7) vertebral segments
- extends & contralaterally rotates trunk, neck, head
Multifidus (5 points)…
- intermediate layer of transversospinalis
- muscle fibres span a few (2-5) vertebral segments
- found along the length of the whole vertebral column
- most inferior fibres attach to the sacrum
- longer fibres extend, contralaterally rotate & ipsilaterally laterally flex the trunk & neck
Rotatores (4 points)…
- deepest layer of transversospinalis
- muscle fibres span 1 vertebral segment
- best developed in the thoracic region
- often absent in cervical & lumbar regions
Trunk rotation to the left…
- Contralateral rotation (right)- Multifidus, Semispinalis, External oblique
- Ipsilateral rotation (left)- Internal oblique
Distinguishing features of cervical vertebrae…
transverse foramen, bifid spinous process, large heart shaped vertebral foramen
Distinguishing features of thoracic vertebrae…
costal facets, demi facets, circular vertebral foramen, big/thick transverse process
Distinguishing features of lumbar vertebrae…
largest vertebral body, large/thick spinous process
Orientation of facets of vertebrae…
cervical- horizontal
thoracic- vertical, anterior to posterior
lumbar- vertical, medial to lateral
Interbody joint- the intervertebral disc…
- modified fibrocartilaginous joint
- symphysis
- Components: cartilage end plate, annulus fibrosis, nucleus pulposus
What are the components of the intervertebral disc?
cartilage end plate, annulus fibrosis, nucleus pulposis
Cartilage end plate functions…
- transmits weight to adjacent vertebral body
- confines nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosis
- role in securing nutrition for disc
annulus fibrosis functions…
- retain the nucleus pulposus
- allow and limit movement
nucleus pulposis functions…
- shock absorber
- force distributor
Functions of interbody joint…
determine movement
- Oblique orientation of annulus fibres means that shear movements in every direction are limited
- Length of annulus fibres allows rocking movements
Zygapophyseal joint- classification, articular surfaces, articular capsule
- synovial, multiaxial, plane
- superior and inferior articular facets
- loose but reinforced by: ligamentum flavum, multifidus
Functions of Z joint…
- to determine the direction of vertebral column movement
- to determine the range of vertebral column movement
- to bear weight (67% in cervical region, 15% in lumbar region)
