Anarchism

Question 1

name all thinkers

Answer 1

1. Stirner
2. Proudhon
3. Bakunin
4. Kropotkin
5. Goldman

Question 2

Sterner quote

Answer 2

“I am free in no state”

Question 3

what are the main currents within individualist anarchism

Answer 3

Anarcho-Capitalism:
(associated with Rothbard)
- the state should be replaced by the market

Egosim:
(associated with Stirner)
- There should be no restrictions on the individual (the ego), therefore, we should reject all institutions
- he called these “spooks”

Question 4

what is mutualism

Answer 4

profitless, free and fair exchange of goods

• alternative to capitalist and socialist forms of economic organisation

Question 5

how does Stirners view of freedom differ to Proudhon + Goldmans, and Kropotkin + Bakunin’s

Answer 5

Stiner: views the individual as unique and egoistic - must be no restriction on freedom

Proudhon and Goldman: balance between the interests of the individual and collective

Kropotkin and Bakunin: endorse the widest possible freedoms - however, freedom can only be achieved in the company of others

Question 6

Anarchist opposed to an Marxist state?

Answer 6

Bukanin viewed the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’ (and power in general) as corrupting - “socialism without freedom is slavery and brutality”

Question 7

how does individualist anarchism differ from collectivist anarchism

Answer 7

individualist:
autonomy should not be restricted in any way - people are egotistical - ‘meeting of mutual interests through voluntary contracts will provide natural and spontaneous order

collectivist:
- recognises that human nature is shaped by the world around us - absence of the state will allow true human nature to flourish

Question 8

collectivism?

Answer 8

substring of collectivist anarchism - associated with Bakunin (revolutionary approach)

• all private property should be collectivised into common ownership that is self-managed by workers
• bottom up (revolutionary approach)

Question 9

“property is theft”

Answer 9

Proudhon

Question 10

anarcho - communism

Answer 10

private property should be abolished and replaced by common ownership - society would be based around small localised communes

Question 11

Individualist vs collectivist on human nature

Answer 11

collectivist: Human nature is essentially social and cooperative - shaped by political, social and economic environment

• Proudhon + Bakunin believed humanity had a natural sense of justice

Individualist: essentially egotistical + desire to be anonymous

• Anarcho-capitalists argued that the market provides the mechanism to allow for the full expression of the individual

Question 12

Individualist vs collectivist view of the state

Answer 12

individualist: sees the state as coercive and controlling - limiting the autonomy of the individual

• Stiner was opposed to the state in all forms - state claimed to be sovereign - only the ego can be sovereign over itself
• Anarcho-capitalist (Rothbard) views the state as predatory body that steals (taxes) and does not produce

Collectivist: The state protects private property and the inequalities - power of the state corrupts human nature

• Bakunin argues that the capitalist state ensures the power and right of the few to exploit the many
• Proudhon states that the overthrowing of the state would be evolutionary and non violent - Anarcho-syndicalists (rocker) see trade unions as the means to bring down the state through mass strikes

Question 13

Individualist vs collectivist view on society

Answer 13

Individualist: fear the power of the collective over the individual
- Stirner saw society as a collection of egoists
- Rothbard saw society without a state, so that society is ordered through the “invisible hand of the market”

Collectivist:
- existing state and economic institutions promote heirarchy - thus must be removed
- The new society must be based upon self managing communes
- bottom up organisation of society - will nourish and grow social aspects of human nature

Question 14

collectivist vs individualist views of the economy

Answer 14

collectivist:
- Proudhon + mutualists oppose ownership of private property
- exchange is not based upon money but instead “Labour Notes” which record the value of the labour
- Bukanin - references turning all private property into common ownership - agree with mutualists that Labourer’s should keep the fruits of their Labour

Individualist:
- Stirner viewed private property and capitalism as part of the “fixed Ideals” that limit autonomy (and should be destroyed)

• Prouhdon advocated for possessions - so that the individual is not forced to submit to the will of the collective
• Rothbard viewed private property as justified
• Anarcho-Capitalists believe that freedom can exist without equality

Question 15

what is propaganda by the deed

Answer 15

form of direct activism
pioneered by Carlo Pisacane

Question 16

example of propaganda by the deed

Answer 16

Zapatistas - Mexico
the Paris commune

Question 17

example of anarchist suppression

Answer 17

Haymarket affair - workers movement bombed - police brutality (8 deaths)

Question 18

ruth kinner

Answer 18

anarcho-capitalism doesnt count - too far removed from mainstream anarchist ideology (creates hierarchy + property ownership - just as damaging as the state)

Question 19

egosim

Answer 19

stirner - eradication of rules - everyone uses each other to their own ends

Question 20

Categorise thinkers

Answer 20

Individualist: Stirner + Rothbard + Proudhon (advocated possessions)

Collectivist: Bakunin + Kropotkin

Anarcho-Capitalist: Rothbard

Anarcho syndicalist: Rocker