Anarchism Flashcards
List the Anarchist Thinkers
Max Stirner
Joseph proudhon
Mikahail Bakunin
Peter Kromptkin
emma goldman
what are the anarchist key ideas
human nature
* power/the state corrupts
* positive view of human nature
1. capable of rationalism and reciprocity
* individualist vs social
* altruism vs atomistic individualsm
society
* rejection of the state
* anarchy is order (Utopianist view)
* importance of liberty
* economic freedom (states roel in econ)
* individualism vs collectivism
* means
* ends
* capitalism vs socialism
what are the different types of anarchism anf the subtypes of those
Indervidualist
* egosism
* anarcho capitaliam
Collectivist
* anarcho communism
* mutualism
* anarcho- syndicalism
What is the core of Max Stirners belife/ ( Egosism)
egoism
* rejection of the state
* The state and society and religon are “artificial” or “artifices”. They are like “illusions” or “spooks” that haunt the indervidual and distort their true reallity.
the state/power corrupts and utopian/ anarchy is order
* The indervidual must cut through these things to discover the truth. That the selfinterested and rational indervidual is at the centre oftheir own morral universe.
* The indervidual is soverign and they will regain teh “owness” when the state ceases to exist
what is an artifice
a fake hood / trick
what is insurrection
a violent uprising or rebellion against authority
What are Max Stirner’s views on the state ( and subsequentally Society)
(6)
- rejection of the state
- The state and society is fake and came about by accident , in this book the ego and its own he refured to it as an “artifice”, “illsuion” or “spook”
- The state/ power corrupts
- therefore The state, along with society and especially religion “haunt” and corrupt the individual
- these tings act liek “cog/wheel” turnign in ones head, to dictate hwo the indervidual acts. disguising them from the The truth which is is That the indervidual is rational, self interested and soveign beings, at the “centre of their own morral universe”
- means
- Stirner argues for insurrection via the pramry means of withdrawel of labour so the ste withers and dies. baically inderviduals asseting their liberty vis violents or propeganda of the deed e
- economic freedom
- “the self-interested and rational individual should be able to use anything or anyone they want to achieve their own purposes” - because of this humans will use their rational to act reseprosically and fairly
- anarchy is order
- the individual is rational at “centre of their own morral universe” therefor it is well within their capcity to guid their own actions and if they can morrly justify it then it is correct.
what is propperganda of the deed
revolution via non violent means, strikes, protests and refusals to engage with teh state or society ( making overt demostration)
what does Max Stirner belive about Human nature
(4)
state corrupted human nature
* wheels/cogs turnign in the head
* spooks haunting
* disolusion peopel from their “owness”
* possitve view
1. self interst is a good thing
1. The indervidual is a by nature soveign being at the “centre of their own moral universe” but humans are rationals so we will act resoprosiclly sometimes when it is best for us meaning that an anchist “society” will be utopian.
2. teh ego is the motivating force behind all actions and this is a virtue. humans are rationals so we will act resoprosiclly sometimes when it is best for us meaning that an anchist “society” will be utopian.
* individualism
3. self interested
4. “the ego is the motivating force of all human action” and our -rimary gol is the accumulation of peoperty. ( and this is a virtue).
* thestate/power corrupts
4. The indervidual has been hidden from the truth of their being or their “ownness” by the corrupting forces of the state, society and religon.
What does Stirner belive about Society that does not also apply the state
- individualist
- people are not collectivist but indervidual “soveign” beings in themself at teh centre of tehir own moral universe.
- the accumulation of propperty and matterial possestion is the primary ecconomic motivation and goal.
- anarchy is order/Utopianist
- as inderviduals are the centre of their own moral universe and should be able to act “without moral constraint”. Indeed, in his book, Stirner does not criticise a mother who kills her child, a man who commits incest and a murderer who no longer regards as long as he can justify his actions.
what does Stirner believe about the ecconomy.
(5)
- propperty
- He does not belive in private proppert. Anything should be used freely by self-interested individuals without external moral constraints.
- system - (economic freedom)
- Stinner dissmisses Both Collectiev ownership, capitalim and limiting the freedom of the indervidual
- Stirner dismisses capitalist as “slavery” as it compells inderviduals to work.
- Finally, as the self interested indervidual’s “ego is teh motivating force behind all human actions”, the accumulation of propperty and matterial possestion is the primary ecconomic motivation and goal. (individualsim)
- state role
- refection of state economy and regulation, protected the interests of the ruling class and perpetuated economic inequalities
- welfair/redistruction
- He belives a individual should be able to enjoy the full fruits of their labour.
- He does not belive in private proppert. Anything should be used freely by self-interested individuals
- means of transition
- insercetion / individuals assertingthemself e
Who was Joseph Proudhon
He was a left wing french politiciacn 1809-65, the first person the acharterise teh term “Anarchism” is a possitive light
who was Max Stirner
School techer 1806-1856
what is Proudhosn phillosopy also known as
Mutualism
what is Max Stirner’s philosophy known as
Egoism
what is the philosophy taht bridges collectivsit and indervidualist anarchsim
Mutualism
What did Joseph Proudhon belive about HN -not one to quote on this topic
(5)
- possitive
- his belifes were mostly congruent will Communist ideology only on Human nature,
- “Man is not the enemy of man, but through the medium of government.”
- This quote suggests that Proudhon believed that human beings, in their natural state, are not inherently antagonistic towards one another
- soical
- i.e humans are collectivsit (social), and would band together into small localised and productive comunities
- “Man is a being essentially relative and social by nature”
- what sperates him is that he belive humans should have the right to opperate indervidually is they so please and have the right to they basic means and tehe mans to work
- power/teh state corrupts
- “Man is not the enemy of man, but through the medium of government.”
- “Man is a being essentially relative and social by nature; his existence depends on society”
What did Joseph proudhon belive about the state and scociety
(5)
- Rejction of the state
- Proudhon was against the idea of representive and dirrect democracy in its current form although he stressed the importnace of popular participation in governace. he argued that any type of centralised controle/state quelled teh freedom of the indervidual
- value liberty and economic freedom
- the elite used propperty ( not possetions, wict he destingueshed as fundiamnetally differnt) to supress the lower classes, ( e.g the private retened sector) diserned that “propperty was theft” in his book what is propperty
- he argued colletivism challenged the inderviduals natural rigth to own a home and possess enough land or tools to be able to work.
- Proudhon believed that capitalism concentrated wealth and property in the hands of a few individuals, leading to economic inequality and social injustice that limited peoples freedom.
- anarchy is order
- Under mutualism, self-governing producers, individually or in associations, exchange goods and services through contracts freely entered into on a mutually-beneficial and non-profit-making basis (the value of products being based on the amount of labour time involved (their true value).
- He argued for a system of decentralized federations and voluntary associations
- means
- he rejects inserection as a means to overtrhow the state. He belives in a peaseful transition, where a mutualist society of federations of communities , will form coasiding with the rest of society ( a people’s bank for example). The state would simply wither and die as people stopped engaging and transitione doever to mutualism as teh superior way od life.
what did Joseph proudhon belive about the economy
(6)
- property
- proppert is a means for the elite to supress and controle the working classes
- he condemned the idea of private propperty, famously staing “ proppert is theift”. However, he distinguished propperty from prossetions.
system - condemned both communism and capitalism
- communism challenged the inderviduals natural rigth to own their home and enough land and tools to work
- in mutualism self-governing producers exchange goods and services through contracts freely entered into on a mutually-beneficial ( small holds or individuals or comunities)
- he argued for servises, labour and products to be exchanged at their true cost/ face value
- welfaire / redistratbution
- in the establishment of cooperative associations where workers would collectively own and manage the means of production, enabling them to benefit more directly from their labor and distrbaute tehings fairly, thsi would eliminate teh need for welfair (utopianist) - individual had righ to not partake
- state roel / regulations
- rejection of the state / economic freedom
means - emergence of systems seperte from the state e.g a peopels bank
who was Mikahail Bakunin
(2)
- he was a russian arosocrat, raddiclised by marx as a young man, but whom broke from teh tradditional marxist phillosophy to become an anarchist
- 1814-76
what was Joesph Proudhon’s book called
“what is propperty”
1. ( asserted propperty is theft)
what did Mikhail Bakunin belive about Huamn nature
(4)
state and power corrupts
* Tradditionally Marxist belife about HN human nature is plastic and corrupted by the state.they were close affiates however they diverged in that mikail emphaised the corrupting nature of all power. therfore after the revolution of the proletariat a vanguard dictatorship could not take hold as teh state woudl never wither and die once tehy had teh taste of power
* possitiev view
* He belived in natural laws founded on natural rigths that all people intuited and respected
anarchy is order
* he belived in naturally occuring collectivist comunes that would trade and function in a federal like way lareger issues then imediatly dissasembel
* social
* “Man is an eminently social being; there is nothing more natural, more human, than association”
