Anaphylaxis Flashcards
1
Q
What is anaphylaxis?
A
- Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction to antigen
- resulting in histamine and serotonin release from mast cells and basophils
2
Q
What is an anphylactoid reaction?
A
- direct release of mediatiors from inflammatory cells w/o involving antibodies
3
Q
What are the examples of percipitants causing anaphylaxis?
A
- Drugs
- Penicillin
- Contrast media - radiology
- Muscle relaxant
- NSAIDs
- Chlorhexidine
- Latex
- eggs, fish, peanuts
4
Q
How would anaphylaxis present?
A
- Haemodynamically unstable (most common)
- Erythema, urticaria, D&V
- Bronchospasm, laryngeal obstruction, angioedema
5
Q
What other diseases can present like anaphylaxis?
A
- Carcinoid syndrome
- Phaeochromocytoma
- Systemic mastocytosis
- Hereditary angioedema
6
Q
What will your immediate mx be for anaphylaxis?
A
- 100% o2
- Intubate- if respiratory obstruction imminent
- Remove trigger
- Raise feet
- Adrenaline IM 0.5mg (0.5ml of 1:1000)
- Repeat every 5 mins if needed
- Chlorphenamine (antihistamine) 10mg IV
- Hydrocortisone 200mg IV
- Fluid
- adrenaline, aminophylline, salbutamol if still hypotensive
7
Q
What will the further mx be for anaphylaxis?
A
- Measure plasma Tryptase
- Chlorphenamine 4mg/6hr - if still itching
- MedicAlert bracelet
- Educate about using 0.3mg Epipen
- Refer to allery specialist for skin prick test
8
Q
When will you give adrenaline IV dose for anaphylaxis?
A
- When pt is severely ill or no pulse
9
Q
What is the IV adrenaline dose for adrenaline?
A
- 0.5ml of 1:10 000/min IV
