Anaphylaxis Flashcards
what is anaphylaxis?
severe, life-threatening allergic reaction
what do you do in an anaphylactic reaction?
- call 999
- give adrenaline
<6 months old - 100-150micrograms
<6 years - 150micrograms (0.15ml)
6-12 years - 300micrograms (0.3ml)
>12 years - 500micrograms (0.5ml) of 1:1000 adrenaline solution - 15L oxygen, non-breather mask
- salubutamol to treat wheeze/stridor
- 2 activations every 2 mins - monitor
- if getting better - monitor
- if remaining the same/worse - confirm ambulance called
what is the ABCDE of anaphylaxis?
Airway
- itching, difficult to swallow, swelling, wheeze
Breathing
- cough, shortness of breath, high resp rate, low oxygen saturation
Circulation
- dizziness, high pulse, low blood pressure
Disability
- agitation, nausea, reduced consciousness
Exposure
- itching, sweaty, flushing
are skin or mucosal changes alone a sign of an anaphylactic reaction?
no
- in reactions, skin/mucosal changes can be subtle or absent
how do you administer the adrenaline for anaphylaxis?
intramuscular injection
adrenaline - 1:1000
>12 years - 0.5ml
6-12 - 0.3ml
<6 years - 0.15ml
<6month - 0.1-0.15ml
- can be repeated at 5min intervals
how would you administer salbutamol if needed?
- remove protective cap
- insert mouthpiece into spacer
- shake the spacer/inhaler
- give 1 activation of inhaler after the patient has exhaled
- hold spacer for 5 seconds
- repeat as required
how is the oxygen administered for anaphylaxis?
15L/min oxygen via non-breather
how do you know it is not asthma?
anaphylaxis
- stridor
- hoarse voice
- rapid progression of symptoms
- angiodema
asthma
- prolonged expiratory volume
how do you know it is not acute cardiac ischaemia?
anaphylaxis
- rapid progression of symptom
- stridor/wheeze
- hoarse voice
- angiodema
ACI
- chest pain
- pale and clammy
- arrhythmia
how do you know it is not hyperventilation?
anaphylaxis
- decreased O2 saturation
hyperventilation
- normaal O2 saturation
- chest pain
- tinnitus
- muscle spasms
