Anaphy Flashcards
What are the basic life processes?
Organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movement, and reproduction
In humans, additional requirements include growth, differentiation, respiration, digestion, and excretion.
Define metabolism.
The ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction.
What does responsiveness refer to in physiology?
The body’s ability to detect and respond to changes.
What is meant by movement in the context of basic life processes?
Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells.
What is growth?
An increase in body size resulting from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both.
What is differentiation?
The development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.
What does reproduction refer to in physiological terms?
Formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual.
Define homeostasis.
The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body despite fluctuations in either the external or internal environment.
What is the anatomical position?
The standard reference position of the body used to describe the location of structures.
What does the coronal/frontal plane do?
Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts and is oriented vertically.
What is the mid-sagittal plane?
A plane that passes through the center of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves.
What does the transverse/axial plane divide?
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
What is flexion?
Decreases the angle of a joint.
What is extension?
Increases the angle of a joint.
Define hyperextension.
Extending a joint beyond the straight or neutral position.
What is dorsiflexion of the foot?
Decreasing the angle between the dorsum of the foot and the lower leg, moving foot and toes upward.
What is plantar flexion of the foot?
Extending the ankle joint, moving foot and toes downward.
Define eversion.
An outward stress movement of the foot at the ankle joint.
What is inversion?
An inward stress movement of the foot applied without rotation of the leg.
What is abduction?
Lateral movement of the arm or leg away from the body.
What is adduction?
Movement of the arm or leg toward the body.
Define supination.
A rotational movement of the hand into the anatomical position (palm up).
What is pronation?
A rotation of the hand into the opposite of the anatomical position (palm down).
What does protraction mean?
A movement forward from a normal position.
Define retraction.
A movement backward or the condition of being drawn back.
What is elevation?
Lifting, raising, or moving a part superiorly.
What does depression refer to?
Letting down, lowering, or moving a part inferiorly.
What is circumduction?
To move around in the form of a circle.
What does rotation refer to?
To turn or rotate a body part on its axis.
Define tilt.
A slanting or tilting movement with respect to the long axis.
What are the two major cavities of the body?
Dorsal cavity and ventral cavity.
What does the dorsal cavity contain?
Organs of the nervous system that coordinate the body’s function.
What are the subdivisions of the ventral cavity?
Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.
What is the thoracic cavity enclosed by?
The thoracic wall and the diaphragm.
What are the components of the mediastinum?
A thick, flexible soft tissue partition that separates the pleural cavities.
What does the abdominopelvic cavity house?
Most parts of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
What is the nasion?
Located at the junction of the two nasal bones and the frontal bone.
What is the acanthion?
The midline point at the junction of the upper lip and the nasal septum.
Define gonion.
The lower posterior angle on each side of the jaw or mandible.
What does MSP stand for?
Mid-Sagittal Plane, which divides the body into left and right halves.
What is the inter pupillary line?
The line that connects the pupils or the outer canthi of the patient’s eyes.
What is the glabella?
The smooth, slightly raised triangular area between and slightly superior to the eyebrows.
What is the auricle/pinna?
The large flap of the ear made of cartilage.
What is the tragus?
The small cartilaginous flap that covers the opening of the ear.
What does TEA refer to in anatomy?
The superior attachment of the auricle, where the side frames of eyeglasses rest.
