analytical studys

Question 1

What is the ourpose of an analytical study

Answer 1

to test hypotheses

Question 2

What are the key concepts of an analytical study

Answer 2

Replicability - to ensure that true effects aren’t masked by chance events
Control - context to the effects of interest

Question 3

What are the benifits of an experimental study

Answer 3

• reserches can manipulate conditions
• control all factors other than tested one
• best at studing causation
• randomisation used to ensure equal distribution of random variables

Question 3

What are the two kinds of analytical studys and subtypes of these classes

Answer 3

Experimental
- randomized control study
Observational
- cohort study
- case controled study

Question 4

what are the main factors of a randomised control study

Answer 4

requires randomisation to create 2 compairable groups
blinding to ensure no bias between contol and drug
placebo for the control

Question 5

What are the advantages and disadvantages o a randomised control study

Answer 5

Advantages:
- best way to test a hypothesis
- well done trials can associate the control with the causation

Disadvantages:
- can be unethical or impracticale

Question 6

What are the factors of an observational study

Answer 6

• no intervention from the investigator
• as close as posible to experimental

Question 7

What are the factors of a case controled study

Answer 7

• two groups are collected with or without the change of interest
• information is gained from the past

Question 8

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a case controled study

Answer 8

advantages:
- relatively quick
- smaller sample size (as can select for people with a rare disease)
- can test multiple conditions

Disadvantages:
- hard to eliminate all confoudning
- recall biase due to talking about inforrmation from the past

Question 9

What are the factors of a cohort study

Answer 9

participants are gathered and split themselves into two groups
- selection before disease has manifested and followed overtime
- has a non-random control group

Question 10

what are the advantages and disadvantages of cohort studys

Answer 10

Advantages:
- closest to experimental
- good for common outcomes
- can study multiple conditions
Disadvanages:
- hard to eliminate confounding problems
- long duration required
- rare disease requires LARGE sample sizes

Question 11

What do we need to do when making a hypothesis

Answer 11

Make it precise
Specify timeline, quanititys, population

Question 12

what is the aim of an interventional study

Answer 12

The aim is to quantify the impact of the intervention on the outcome of interest

Question 13

What is confoundance

Answer 13

Confoundance is when a third variable which has an effect on both the outcome and the control without going through the causal pathwayu

Question 14

What is the causal pathway

Answer 14

The string of events leading from the intervention to change the outcome of interest

Question 15

What is the difference between information bias and selection bias

Answer 15

both systematic
Selection bias: The bias produced from poor subject selecion, causes differences between the two groups

Information bias: The bias caused from errors with data collection, interpretation, or recording
- observer, subject, tools, missed measurements