Analytical Epidemiology

Question 1

Experimental study

Answer 1

-study preventions and Tx for disease; investigator actively manipulates which groups receive the agent under study.

Question 2

Observational study

Answer 2

-study causes, treatments, preventions for disease. Passive data collection.

Question 3

Cohort study

Answer 3

examines multiple health effects of an exposure. subjects are defined by exposure level and followed for disease occurrence.

Question 4

Case-control

Answer 4

examine multiple exposures in relation to disease. subjects are defined as cases and controls and exposure histories are compared.

Question 5

Cross-sectional

Answer 5

examine relationship between exposure and disease prevalence at a single point in time.

Question 6

Ecological study

Answer 6

relationship between exposure and disease with population-level rather than individual-level data

Question 7

Why utilize the 6 studies in Epi.?

Answer 7

-method to establish a relationship between an exposure and a disease w/ validity and precision; minimal resources

Question 8

What are the sources for in a cohort study?

Answer 8

1) internal comparison 2) General population 3) Comparison cohort.
internal; most similarly mirror study group.

Question 9

What is the primary goal of a cohort study?

Answer 9

compare occurrence of symptoms, disease, and death in exposed and unexposed groups.

Question 10

What are advantages of case-control study?

Answer 10

the cases are their own controls; eliminating confounding characteristics like gender, race, and elimination of type bias.

Question 11

What are the main type of epidemiologic studies?

Answer 11

• experimental
• ecological
• observational
• cohort
• case control
• cross sectional

Question 12

What are three methods to control confounding in study design?

Answer 12

• randomization: controls both known and unknown cofoun. only useful in experimental studies
• matching: good for smalll studies. bad bc more variables make it harder to match
• restriction: simple and cheap. hard to ID sufficient # of subjects

Question 13

How can you control confounding in Analytical study?

Answer 13

• stratification: easy to view raw data. does not account for numerous variables.
• multivariate:mathmatical model to explain exposure/outcome relationship. accounts for multiple cofounders, but no raw data available.