analysis through use of technology

Question 1

what is limb kinematics

Answer 1

• reflective markers
• joints AoR (axis of rotation) cameras
• Study of movement in relation to time and space
• 3D or optical motion analysis
• Joint and limb triangulation → evaluate biomechanical measurements
• Computer software + video/infrared cameras capture and convert motion using reflective markers on bony landmarks/joints
• e.g. cricket bowl, sprinter start, javelin throw, tennis serve

Question 2

what are the advantages of limb kinematics

Answer 2

• Data = immediate, objective and accurate
• Coaches use info to make changes to technique
• Examine the effect of movements causing injury
• Investigate effectiveness of techniques

Question 3

what are the disadvantages of limb kinematics

Answer 3

• v expensive
• not easy to identify Axis of Rotation
• Results don’t take into account individuals differences
• Lab conditions make techniques difficult to reenact due to space of lack of game situations

Question 4

what are force plates

Answer 4

• Study of GRF (ground reaction force), assessing size and direction of forces.
• Can predict acceleration rates, work and power output
• can measure limb to limb asymmetries (how much force each leg uses)
• Sports biomechanics assessment – e.g. gait analysis, balance, rehabilitation and physical therapy.
• Rectangular metal plate with built-in force transducers – electrical output is proportional to the magnitude of the force applied.
• Displayed in 3 planes of motion. (e.g. drop landing, drop landing with a jump, squat jump
• e.g. long jump, sprinting

Question 5

what are advantages of force plates

Answer 5

Immediate, accurate and reliable results

Question 6

what are disadvantage of force plates

Answer 6

expensive and specialist equipment.

Question 7

what is a wind tunnel

Answer 7

• Used to develop and optimise aerodynamic efficiency, such as drag (F1).
• checks whether ideas that look good on computer models work irl
• Object is placed inside the wind tunnel with instruments attached to measure forces produced by the air against its surface.
• Study the flow of air around the surface using smoke or dye in the tunnel.
• Aim of wind tunnels is to improve airflow and streamlining – potentially increasing lift and decreasing drag.
• e.g. F1

Question 8

what are the advantages of a wind tunnel

Answer 8

Control of variables – increase accuracy and be time efficient

Question 9

what are the disadvantages of a wind tunnel

Answer 9

Specialised facilities, which are expensive and require complex analysis