Analysis Questions

Question 1

What is thematic analysis?

Answer 1

“method for identifying, analysing and reporting patterns (themes) twithin data”

Question 2

When is thematic analysis appropriate?

Answer 2

Detailed textual data

No strong theoretical perspective driving analysis

Question 3

What are the steps to conducting a thematic analysis?

Answer 3

1. Familiarise self with data
2. Generate initial codes (= topic codes)
3. Searching for themes (= analytical codes)
4. Reviewing themes
5. Defining and naming themes
6. Producing the report

Question 4

What is Phenomenology?

Answer 4

Study of the consciousness from a first-person perspective

“A study of people’s subjective and everyday experiences… from the ‘point of view’ or ‘perspective’ of the subject”

Question 5

What is the focus of phenomenology?

Answer 5

Understanding the essence of a phenomenon

Question 6

List some characteristics of phenomenology research

Answer 6

epoché: the state where all judgments about non-evident matters are suspended
- Bracketting

Horizontalisation
-Avoiding hierarchies of meaning

Phenomenological psychological reduction
-Consideration of the given from the viewpoint of engaged human consciousness

‘Phenomenological nod’

Question 7

What is Interpretative phenomenological

analysis?

Answer 7

Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is an approach to psychological qualitative research with an idiographic focus, which means that it aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a given phenomenon.

Question 8

Criticisms of conduct of IPA research?

Answer 8

Explanation or description?
- Limited to no ability to answer why and how

Reflexivity:

• Failure to recognise preconceptions
• Failure to recognise own role in interpretation

Question 9

Define grounded theory research?

Answer 9

Grounded theory (GT) is a systematic methodology in the social sciences involving the construction of theory through methodic gathering and analysis of data.

The theory specifies the relationship between concepts in an organised manner and enables interpretation, explanation, and prediction

Question 10

What does grounded theory research require?

Answer 10

Theoretical sensitivity
Theoretical sampling
Theoretical saturation

Question 11

Grounded theory according to Strauss?

Answer 11

Reformulated’ grounded theory that
aims to develop and test theory and
provides specific techniques to
achieve this

Researcher is a co-constructor

Question 12

Grounded theory according to Glaser

Answer 12

Classic’ grounded theory with focus on
understanding the basic social
psychological process underlying a
phenomenon, and developing
grounded hypotheses for testing in
later research

Theory emerges from the data
(inductive)

Question 13

What is the Constructionist approach to grounded theory? (Charmaz)

Answer 13

“Grounded theory must move on from its
positivist origins and incorporate many of the
methods and questions posed by
constructivists over the last twenty years to
become a more nuanced and reflexive
practice”

Data and theories are not ‘discovered’

Theories are constructed

Question 14

What is Constant comparative method?

Answer 14

Method NOT methodology

Lite’ or ‘diet’ grounded theory

• A method not a methodology
• Use of theoretical sampling and grounded theory analysis techniques
• Applicable with smaller samples but is less likely to generate theory

Question 15

What are the options for grounded theory research?

Answer 15

Classic (Glaserian) grounded theory
Reformulated (Straussian) grounded theory
Social constructionist (Charmazian) grounded theory
Constant comparative method (diet version)
Mix procedures

Question 16

What is a casual layered analsysis?

Answer 16

An emerging interpretive methodology adopted in the social sciences as an approach to deconstruct complex social issues

Question 17

What is the goal of CLA??

Answer 17

‘get to’ the root of the issue, it is argued that the real underpinnings of some social issues related to social and cultural mythologies, worldviews, and values

Question 18

When do I use CLA?

Answer 18

When you have a wicked, or complex problem that you want to deconstruct

Multiple layers of complexity

When you want to propose a strategy or solution to an issue

ALOT OF WHY Q”S

Question 19

Layers of the CLA and a breif description

Answer 19

Litany:

• The surface or visible issue. The obvious problem.
• Believed and rarely questioned

Social Causative:

• What is the social causes of the issue at hand?
• What are the social, economic, environmental, technical and political reasons contributing to the problem?

Worldview/Discourse:
Wordview = What are people’s underlying views of how the issue operates? How is an
issue socially constructed? The culture.
-Ideologies, beliefs and value systems which contribute or fuel a problem.
Help identify how thinking needs to be shifted.
Discourse=Discourses express a worldview through the sorts of words, terminology and phrases that are used.
- How do people talk about the issue at hand?

Myth/Metaphor
-This is an explanation of each worldview from the third
level
-Deep mythical stories
- Deeply held cultural archetypes
- Emotional experiences or responses to an issue
- The core narrative ( E.g., food as ‘fuel’, Body is a temple)

Question 20

Why are there four levels in a CLA?

Answer 20

Each Layer serves to assist the researcher in
deconstructing an issue from four, increasingly complex
perspectives

Question 21

Six steps of a CLA?

Answer 21

Step One: Considering your research question
 Step Two: Data familiarisatiom
 Step Three: Coding between the layers
 Step Four Coding Within the Layers
 Step Five: Reconstruction of the issue
 Step Six: Posing alternative futures

Question 22

What is a case study?

Answer 22

case study is a research method involving an up-close, in-depth, and detailed examination of a subject of study, as well as its related contextual conditions

Question 23

Characteristics of a case study?

Answer 23

A bounded system/s

Must be bounded such that there are clear parameters

unit of analysis in a case study may be a single case (withinsite; e.g., single program) or multiple cases

Case studies are rarely conducted in retrospec

Question 24

When do I do a case study?

Answer 24

When there is little known about a phenomenon

When you wish to explore a phenomenon within its
natural context

Theory developement is in early stages

When context is really important

Question 25

What are the different approaches to case studies?

Answer 25

Intrinsic Case Study
-Interest in and of the case itself

Instrumental Case Study
- Interested in a specific issue/ problem/ concern

Collective Case Study (multiple cases)

• Interested in a specific issue/ problem/ concern
• Access a number of cases

Question 26

What is the procedure for a case study?

Answer 26

1. Approach appropriate?
2. Identify case/s
3. Engage in purposive sampling
4. Data collection
5. Analysis

Question 27

What is Action research?

Answer 27

Action research is either research initiated to solve an immediate problem or a reflective process of progressive problem solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as part of a “community of practice” to improve the way they address issues and solve problems.

Question 28

What is Participatory Action Research?

Answer 28

Participatory action research (PAR) is an approach to research in communities that emphasizes participation and action. It seeks to understand the world by trying to change it, collaboratively and following reflection.

Participants involved in decisions about ALL stages of research

Question 29

When do use PAR?

Answer 29

where power inequities exist

Question 30

Three principles of PAR?

Answer 30

Research with exploited/oppressed communities

Research addresses specific concerns of community and fundamental causes of the oppression, with goal of
achieving positive social change

Process of research, education, and action with all
participants contributing, learning, and transforming