Analysis of Morphology, Taxonomy, Cladistics

Question 1

archetype

Answer 1

list of characters when assembled together would classify a species

Question 2

evolutionary species

Answer 2

group belonging to a lineage that is evolving seperately from other lineages

Question 3

biological species

Answer 3

a group of interbreeding populations that reproduce isolated from others

Question 4

silbing species

Answer 4

one or two biological species that are nearly indistinguishable morphologically

Question 5

paleospecies

Answer 5

an extinct species only identifed with fossil material

Question 6

chronospecies

Answer 6

two individuals in same lineage that are seperated by time; could be classified as different species because enough time has passed

Question 7

apomorphy

Answer 7

derived, distinctive character state (broad)

Question 8

autapomorphy

Answer 8

derived trait that is unique to one group

Question 9

symplesiomorphy

Answer 9

shared primitive character

Question 10

synapomorphy

Answer 10

shared derived character between common ancestor

Question 11

monophyletic

Answer 11

all derived from recent common ancestor

Question 12

polyphyletic

Answer 12

come from different lineage but derived traits are similar than sister taxa

Question 13

homoplasy

Answer 13

trait acquired independently in many species

Question 14

hominid

Answer 14

all modern and extinct great apes, humans and their ancestors

Question 15

hominin

Answer 15

humans and their ancestors

Question 16

hominoid

Answer 16

gibbons, great apes, humans and their ancestors

Question 17

hypodigm

Answer 17

sample from which characters of population are inferred

Question 18

australopith

Answer 18

ancestral to humans, infers bipedalism before brain increase

Question 19

nomen

Answer 19

how species are named, system of naming them is nomenclature

Question 20

pierolapithecus

Answer 20

extinct species of primate lived during miocene, candidate for common ancestor to great ape clade

Question 21

Dmanisi

Answer 21

archaeological site in Georgia where serveral hominid species have been discovered

Question 22

panid

Answer 22

chimpanezee origin

Question 23

gorillid

Answer 23

gorilla origin

Question 24

distinguish between Linnean and Neo-Linnean taxonomy systems

Answer 24

Linnean taxonomy is syatem of hierarchal classification based on binomial identification, no recongizing change/evolution (Carl Linnaeus)
Neo-Linnean taxnomy is system where considers species as product of evolution and studies all populations, sub-species etc (Julian Huxley)

Question 25

what are 3 verus 5 kingdoms of the two systems?

Answer 25

animal, vegetable, and mineral orignally then into animal, plant fungi, protist, and monera

Question 26

what is difference between taxonomy and classification

Answer 26

Taxonomy describes relationship between items (hiearchical) while classification groups items together based on characters they have in common

Question 27

why is more variation expected to be expected in a chronospecies than a biological species?

Answer 27

Chronospecies have a wide gap of time between them which means there could be a lot of variation between them since there is so much time for evolution to occur while biological species can reproduce with one another at the same time therefore creating gene flow and more similarities between the 2

Question 28

what is the signficance of the Dmanisi site?

Answer 28

Dmanisi site provides a lot of hominid fossil records which has a lot anthropologists to decipher homo origins and trace the earliest Pleistocene homind migrations