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Atty. Gallman Ethics, Stats, and Research > Analysis and Interpretation of Statistical Data > Flashcards

Analysis and Interpretation of Statistical Data Flashcards

1
Q

The four descriptive statistics

A

Central tendency, variability, symmetry, measures of position

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2
Q

Predictive statistics

A

Linear regression, multiple regression, stepwise regression, standardized regression coefficients

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3
Q

If you want to see the DIFFERENCE between or among groups, the family of statistical tests fall under this

A

Statistical tests for comparison

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4
Q

If you used RANDOM/PROBABILITY SAMPLING, you use what statistical test for comparison test

A

Parametric tests

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5
Q

If you used NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING, you use what statistical test for comparison test

A

Non-parametric tests

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6
Q

Central tendency measure to use if your data is an INTERVAL/RATIO and is NOT SKEWED

A

Mean

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7
Q

Central tendency measure to use if your data is an INTERVAL/RATIO and is SKEWED

A

Median

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8
Q

Central tendency measure to use if your data is NOMINAL

A

Mode

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9
Q

Variability measure that gets the difference between the HIGHEST AND LOWEST SCORES

A

Range

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10
Q

Variability measure that gets the difference between the 75th and 25th PERCENTILE

A

Interquartile range

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11
Q

Variability measure that shows the DEGREE OF SPREAD within the distribution

A

Variance

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12
Q

Variability measure that shows the DISTANCE FROM THE MEAN

A

Standard Deviation

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13
Q

This helps interpreting measures of central tendency

A

Measures of symmetry

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14
Q

The pattern of a positively skewed data

A

mean > median > mode

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15
Q

The pattern of a negatively skewed data

A

mean

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16
Q

Under measures of symmetry, this shows the LACK OF SYMMETRY OF DATA

A

Skewness

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17
Q

These are DEVELOPMENTAL NORMS under the measures of position

A

Age norms/comparison and grade equivalents

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18
Q

The formula for z-test

A

n - mean/SD

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19
Q

The percent of people FALLING BELOW the obtained percentile

A

Percentile score

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20
Q

Linear transformation: we use this formula to convert a z score to a different standardized score like t-test, stanine, deviation IQ or vice versa

A

SD (z) + mean

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21
Q

The standardized score usually used for PERSONALITY TESTS

A

t-test

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22
Q

The standardized score usually used for ACHIEVEMENT TESTS

A

Stanine

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23
Q

Mean and SD of Stanine

A

M = 5; SD = 2

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24
Q

The standardized score usually used for PERSONALITY INVENTORIES AND QUESTIONNAIRES

A

Sten

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25
Q

Mean and SD of Sten

A

M = 5.5; SD = 2

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26
Q

The standardized score usually used for INTELLIGENCE TESTS

A

Deviation IQ

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27
Q

Mean and SD of Dev IQ

A

M = 100; SD =15

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28
Q

The standardized score usually used for EDUCATIONAL TESTS

A

Normal Curve Equivalents (NCEs) scores

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29
Q

Mean and SD of Normal Curve Equivalents scores

A

M = 50; SD = 21.06

30
Q

Mean and SD of SATs and GREs (scholastic aptitude test, graduate record exam)

A

M = 500 SD = 100

31
Q

In a NORMAL DISTRIBUTION the mean, median, and mode have

A

The same value

32
Q

The % of people falling under -1 AND +1 in a normal curve

A

68.26%

33
Q

The % of people falling under +1 or -1 part of a normal curve

A

34.13%

34
Q

The % of people falling under -2 AND +2 in a normal curve

A

95.50%

35
Q

The % of people falling under +2 or -2 part of a normal curve

A

13.59%

36
Q

The % of people falling under -3 AND +3 in a normal curve

A

99.75%

37
Q

The % of people falling under +3 or -3 part of a normal curve

A

2.15%

38
Q

Under inferential statistics, this is a random interval (AKA confidence interval) in which the true value of the parameter falls with some level of probability

A

Interval estimate

39
Q

For the confidence interval, the ____ the confidence level, the ____ the CI

A

Higher, wider

40
Q

The alpha of a confidence interval with 90%

A

.05

41
Q

The alpha of a confidence interval with 95%

A

.025

42
Q

The alpha of a confidence interval with 99%

A

.005

43
Q

The alpha of .05 is equal to what z-score

A

1.65

44
Q

The alpha of .025 is equal to what z-score

A

1.96

45
Q

The alpha of .005 is equal to what z-score

A

2.58

46
Q

In the critical value approach of hypothesis testing, if value of test stat FALLS WITHIN the critical region, what do we do with H0/null?

A

Reject

47
Q

In the critical value approach of hypothesis testing, if value of test stat DOES NOT FALL WITHIN the critical region, what do we do with H0/null?

A

Do not reject

Guys, we don’t accept a null hypothesis, reject or not reject lang, OK?

48
Q

In the P-value approach of hypothesis testing, if P-value less than or equal to the α/alpha, we ____ the H0/null

A

Reject

49
Q

In the P-value approach of hypothesis testing, if P-value greater the α/alpha, we ____ the H0/null

A

Do not reject

50
Q

Type I error or False ____, What did you to the null?

A

Positive; Did not reject, when you should have

51
Q

Type I error or False ____, What did you to the null?

A

Negative; Rejected, but shouldn’t have

Akala mo lang wala! Pero meron!

52
Q

These letters/symbols are used when pertaining to the POPULATION

A

Greek symbols

53
Q

These letters/symbols are used when pertaining to the SAMPLE

A

Roman letters

54
Q

A parameter has the symbol of

A

µ (mu)

55
Q

A mean uses the letter

A

x

56
Q

The SD of a population uses the symbol

A

σ (sigma)

57
Q

The variance of a population uses the symbol

A

σ2

58
Q

The variance of a sample uses

A

S2 (S squared yan ayaw lang mag-superscript ng Brainscape)

59
Q

Your percentile you have a z-score of 1

A

84th percentile

60
Q

A percentile of 84.1 means

A

84 people scored lower than you and you ranked 16th in a group

61
Q

Your percentile you have a z-score of 2

A

98th percentile

62
Q

A percentile of 98 means

A

98 people scored lower than you and you ranked 2nd in a group

63
Q

Your percentile you have a z-score of 3

A

99th percentile

64
Q

A percentile of 99 means

A

99 people scored lower than you and you ranked 1st in a group

65
Q

Your percentile you have a z-score of -1

A

16th percentile

66
Q

A percentile of 16 means

A

16 people scored lower than you and you ranked 84 in a group

67
Q

Your percentile you have a z-score of -2

A

2nd percentile

68
Q

A percentile of 2 means

A

2 people scored lower than you and you ranked 98 in a group

69
Q

Your percentile you have a z-score of -3

A

1st percentile

70
Q

A percentile of 1 means

A

1 person scored lower than you and you ranked 99 in a group

71
Q

Meaningful transformation of raw scores

A

Standard scores

Atty. Gallman Ethics, Stats, and Research (3 decks)

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