Analysing Urinanalysis Flashcards
How many microscopic RBCs is considered abnormal?
More than 3 RBCs per high powered field
What do dysmorphic RBCs indicate?
Glomerular disease
What are the causes of RBCs in urine?
UTI Renal stone GU malignancy Recent instrument (catheter) Coagulogpathy GN SC anaemia Renal RB Menstrual blood
How many WBCs is considered abnormal?
More than 5 per high powered field
What are the causes of WBCs in urine?
UTI Catheter Recent instruments Malignancy Interstitial nephritis Interstitial cystitis Intra-abdo inflammatory process adjecent to GU (prostatitis)
What do bacteria suggest?
UTI, unless absence of symptoms.
Could be colonisation of catheter.
How do we diagnose a UTI?
Cloudy, turbid urine Leukocytes WBC Presence of nitrites is most sensitive Maybe RBC and protein
Which types of crystals in the urine suggest disease?
Uric acid - tumour lysis syndrome
Mg ammonium phosphate - UTI
What are the two broad types of casts?
Acellular
Cellular
What do the cellular casts indicate?
RBC - GN
WBC - inflammation
What do the acellular casts indicate?
Muddy brown - Acute tubular necrosis Fatty - nephrotic syndrome Pigment - haem/bilirubin etc Non specific: Granular (breakdown of WBC) Hyaline Waxy
What does a UA of dehydration appear to be like?
Dark High gravity Maybe protein Hyaline casts No other abnormalities
What does a UA of acute tubucular necrosis look like?
Dark/amber Low gravity No nitrates Muddy brown casts Maybe other things
What does nephrotic syndrome look like on UA?
Foamy wee High gravity HUGE PROTEIN Fatty casts Nothing else Oedematous
What does nephritic syndrome look like on UA?
Red or brown high gravity mild protein RBCs and maybe dysmorphic No nitrates RBC casts
