Analogical Change Flashcards
properties/characteristics of analogical change
(mis)detecting and (over)generalizing patterns
anological change
process whereby one form of a language becomes more like another with which it is somehow associated
- contamination
- levelling
- extension
- reanalysis (incl. folk etymology)
- hypercorrection
contamination
model Y exerts influence on word/form X; Y is different word associated with X:
- near identical form or meaning
- polar opposite meaning
- adjacent in some sequence eg numerals
analogical extension/proportional analogy
extends already existing alternation to new forms which did not formerly undergo the alternation
squeeze/squoze –> squeezed
a : b = c : x, where one solves for ‘x’ → a is to b as c is to what (x)?
drive:drove = dive:x
analogical levelling/paradigm levelling
elimination of an alternation between morphologically related forms; morpheme shape becomes more consistent throughout the paradigm
reduces number of allomorphs
throw/threw/thrown –> throw/throwed/throwed
reanalysis
given word-form is interpreted as having a different structure than what was intended
- morpheme boundary is placed in wrong location
- internal structure assigned where there was none
metanalysis
a special case of reanalysis
relocation/misplacement of boundary
napron –> apron
folk etymology
linguistic information finds meaningful associations in the linguistic forms which were not originally there; original form is changed or new forms of it are created
hamburger (Hamburg + -er) –> burger
hypercorrection
attempt to correct things which are already correct and match the form in the variety being copied, resulting in overcorrection and getting the form wrong
for you and me > for you and I
possible consequences of analogical change
- original form may survive in specialized contexts
- analogical split - original vs changed form may survive as distinct lexical items
- may create apparent exceptions to regular sound change
