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Analogue/ Digital Audio/ Gain Staging > Analoge Audio > Flashcards

Analoge Audio Flashcards

1
Q

Analogue tape is based on?

A

Magnetism

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2
Q

What do both poles of a magnetic contain?

A

Ferrous materials

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3
Q

What are ferrous materials

A

Those that contain iron. Non ferrous materials do not contain iron

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4
Q

What are some ferrous materials

A

Mild steel

Carbon steel

Stainless steel

Cast iron

Wrought iron

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5
Q

What do the particles in tape contain?

A

Iron content

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6
Q

The heads which record onto iron tape use? And how do they work?

A

An electro magnet.

They create current flowing through a wire which generates a magnetic field

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7
Q

How can you increase the strength of a tape heads electromagnetic field

A

By increasing the number of coil wraps, and wrapping it around a ferrous material

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8
Q

What is the definition of analogue?

A

Essentially means the same, comparable in certain respects

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9
Q

What is the analogue signal flow?

A

Record - Syn - Repro

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10
Q

What does each analogue signal flow stage contain once it enters the input level of the machine?

A

A level, Hi freq and a bias control

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11
Q

What is Bias

A

A high frequency tone which is added and then filtered out to create additional strength to the signal. Without bias the signal has a non-linear response which means more noise and less signal strength

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12
Q

What does over biasing lead to?

A

Reduced high frequencies and a darker character

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13
Q

What is the record head

A

a coil wrapped around a magnet, creating a magnetic field which is printed onto the tape. Done by tiny filaments on the tape becoming magnetised by the signal. The reverse happens on the playback head (reproduce head).

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14
Q

what happens at the playback head (repro head)

A

the magnetic particles pass through the repro head and playback occurs. The reporo head filters out the bias and sends out particles as voltage, playing back the recorded material

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15
Q

What is the dynamic range of tape

A

tape has lower dynamic range than digital. Lowest level of tape determined by noise floor, and the top level is determined by the strength that the tape can handle/ the saturation of the tape

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16
Q

What is tape saturation

A

saturation in small amounts acts as compression and can be pleasing to the ear

17
Q

What are test/reference tapes

A

they are needed to align the tape machine and set meters

18
Q

How to calibration tapes work

A

they send in a know level for you to set your tape level, used to make sure zero is the right level.

19
Q

what is the unit of magnetic strength

A

nanowbers per meter (nWb/meter)

20
Q

what is the original tape stanrd magnetic strength

A

185 nWb/meter at 700Hz

21
Q

What are multi track tape tracks seperated by

A

Guard bands

22
Q

differences between 15 and 30 seconds per inch

A

slower tape means longer record time

30 inches offers lower lower noise and more headroom

15 inches has a smoother low end

23
Q

recording onto tape adds a?

A

eq curve. tape machines have built in eq compensation to reduce hiss.

machines eq should be verified before playback and record. EQ curves can be switched on tape machines

24
Q

what is the NAB eq curve

A

USA standard equalisation curve at 7.5 and 15 inches per second. later referred ti as IEC2

25
Q

what is the CCIR eq curve

A

the European standard curve at 7.5 and 15 inches per second. later referred to as IEC1

26
Q

what is the AES eq curve

A

the worldwide standard eq curve at 30 inches per second

27
Q

What do record heads contain?

A

a pinch roller and a capstan

28
Q

how do record heads function?

A

roller free rotating spinner with rubber, the capstan pushes against the roller which then passes through the heads

29
Q

What are the different tape heads and what do they do

A

Erase head - used to removed prior recorded audio

Record head - records audio onto magnetic tape, used for playback audio whilst recording on existing tracks to multitrack tape. sometimes called sync head

repro head - allows for playback of all tracks

30
Q

what is the emi 888 tape formula character

A

considered lo fi and grainer compared to others, more distortion between 1 kHz and 8kHz

31
Q

what is the emi 811 tape formula character

A

offered better high frequency response and slightly less distortion than the 888 formula

32
Q

what is the emi 815 tape formula character

A

delivered a flatter high frequency response and less distortion than the 811. used when minimal coloration is desired

Analogue/ Digital Audio/ Gain Staging (3 decks)

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