anagenesis

Question 1

ANAGENESIS

Answer 1

the transformation of a single species over time

Question 2

PALEOSPECIES

Answer 2

species identified from the fossil record based on physical similarities and differences with other species along on evolutionary line (lineage)

Question 3

CLADOGENESIS

Answer 3

(branching evolution) formation of 1 more species from another, over time

Question 4

PUNCUATED EQUILIBRIUM

Answer 4

proposed by Niles Eldridge and Stephen Jay Gould (1972) most species will exhibit little net evolutionary change formats other geologic history, remaining i a extended site called stasis. when significant evolutionary change occurs it is generally restricted to rare and rapid (on a geological time scale) event of branching speciation called cladogenesis.

Question 5

RELATIVE DATING

Answer 5

Determines which fossils are older (relative to each other) *does not determine exact date

Question 6

STRATIGRAPHY

Answer 6

strata layers of earth; the accumulation one time of the earths surface.
*utilizes the geological process of super position

Question 7

SUPER POSITION

Answer 7

the older strata=bottom layer
younger strata= top layer
singular=stratum

Question 8

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY

Answer 8

study of temporal and spatial distribution of fossil organisms

Question 9

CHRONOMETRIC DATING

Answer 9

provides an exact date (plus or minus statistical variation

Question 10

EONS

Answer 10

1) PRECAMBRIAN 4.6 bill -545 mill ya

2) PHANEROZOIC 545 mill- present

Question 11

ERAS

Answer 11

1) PALEOZOIC 545-245 MYA
2) MESOZOIC 245-65 MYA
3) CENOZOIC 65MYA-PRESENT

Question 12

CENOZOIC ERA

mammals

Answer 12

• age of the mammals
• mammals radiate to fill vacant environmental niches left by the extinction of the dinosaurs
  Pangea 225mya

Question 13

EPOCHS

Answer 13

1) PALEOCENE 65-54 mya bp
* primate like changes
2) EOCENE 54-34 mya b.p
* first primate (primative prosimians)
* first anthropoids
3) :OLIGOCENE 34-5 mya
* radation of anthropoids
4) Miocene 23-5mya Bp
* radaiton of easy apes divergence of apes
* divergence of apes and hominids

Question 14

EARLY PRIMATE EVOLUTION

Answer 14

nocturnal, abroreal insectivores

Insectivores: mammals adapted of insect eating

Question 15

PLESIADAPIDS 65-54

Paleocene

Answer 15

• first primate like mammals
• appeared in the paleocene epoch 65-54 mya
• Quadruped mammals with arms and legs adapted for climbing.
• NOT TRUE PRIMATES

Question 16

NOT TRUE PRIMATES

Answer 16

lack of postorbital bar (bony ring separating the eye orbit from the bak of the skull

Question 17

REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFE IN TREES

Answer 17

1. 3-D spatial orientation required
2. depth perception for leaping from branch to branch
3. overlapping fields of vision needed
4. vision is more important than smell
5. retention of primitive form with 5 digits helps
6. good eye coordination helps

Question 18

VISUAL PREDATOR MODEL (CARTMILL,1974)

Answer 18

stereoscopic vision and grasping hands first evolved as adaptation for hunting insects along branches

Question 19

SUSSMANS HYPOTHESIS

Answer 19

suggest primate origins right relate to eating:

*mixed diet: fruit, nectar, flowers, gum rather than only insects

Question 20

FIRST PRIMATES 50-55mya

eocene

Answer 20

appeared 50-55 mya at the beginning of the Eocene epoch (old and new)
EOCENE PRIMATES

Question 21

OLD WORLD ANTHROPOIDS 54-34 eocene

fossil evidence
southenr climates

Answer 21

*antrpoid first appeareed in the late eocene epoch 54-34 in both old and new world
*most fossil evidence for anthropoid evolution come southern climates in
Africa, South America, and parts of East Asia
*most evidence comes form Fayum Egypt

Question 22

EVOLUTION OF NEW WORLD MONKEYS
anthropids
30 mya

Answer 22

• Earliest fossil record is 30 mya
• single origin for anthropoids, including new world monkeys in the old world
• The founder generation probably immigrated with rafts and walking to new lands

Question 23

EVOLUTION OF MIOCENE APES 22-5 mya
fossil eveidence
diverse 5-10

Answer 23

Oldest fossil evidence for apes (mostly dental evidence) is from old world sites from the Miocene (22-5mya)
*miocene apes were incredibly diverse until 5-10 mya

Question 24

Genus PROCONSUL 23-17

Answer 24

Genus proconsul is believed to be the founding ancestor of all modern apes and humans
*lived in Africa 23-17mya

Question 25

SIVAPITHECUS ape 14-7

Answer 25

Siva ape lived 14-7 mya

possible early ancestor of the modern orangutan

Question 26

PANGEA 225

Answer 26

the last time all the land abadaove sea level was interlocked

Question 27

ADAPIDS eocene

Answer 27

one group of eocene primates that were diurnal leaf fruit eaters
Somewhat similar to lemers and lorises

Question 28

OMOMYIDS

Answer 28

group of smaller nocturnal fruit and insect eaters

Similar to tarisiers

Question 29

ANTHROPOIDS

Answer 29

EVOLVED FAIRLY EARLY AS LONG AS 50 MYA