Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4TH YEAR ACC > ANAESTHETICS > Flashcards

ANAESTHETICS Flashcards

1
Q

INDUCTION AGENT: (KEPT)

PROPOFOL

A 
1.5-2.5
lower PO N+V
PROPERLY Supresses airway reflexes
Pain on injection
involuntary movements 
decreases HR + BP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

INDUCTION AGENT: (KEPT)

THIOPENTONE

A

4-5
fast –> RAPID SEQUENCE INDUCTION
(thigh-o-pentone = thighs needed for fast running - build up lactic acid = porphorpyia = build up of porphoryins)
- antiepileptic and protects brain
does NOT suppress airway
increase HR decrease BP!! so cant use if low bp
XXXX IN porphoryia
- S/E rash + bronchosplasm
careful use intarterial as risk of thrombosis and gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

INDUCTION AGENT: KETAMINE: (KEPT)

A 
1-1/5
SLOW ONSET -
used for short procedures
increase HR and bP
N+V AND EMERGENCE phenomenom
dissociative amnesia
- Preserves blood pressure and does not cause cardiosuppression = better in low BP RSI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

INDUCTION AGENT: (KEPT)

- Etomidate

A 
0.3
HAEMODYNAMICALLY STABLE
Decreased allergic reactions
GOOD in limited cardiac resevre patients
highest PO N+V
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

INHALATIONAL ANAESHTHETICS - amnesia maintainance
- SIDE
SEVOFLURANE

A

2% dont need IV

“sweet smelling = inhailed”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

INHALATIONAL ANAESTHETICS - amnesia maintainance
- SIDE
ISOFLURANE

A

1.5%
least affect on blood flow
= “iso’ tonic affect on blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

INHALATIONAL ANAESHTHETICS - amnesia maintainance
- SIDE
DESFLURANE

A

6%
DESparately longer operations
DESparately slow
rapid onset and offset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

INHALATIONAL ANAESHTHETICS - amnesia maintainance
- SIDE
ENFLURANE

A

1.6%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MUSCLE RELAXANT

DEPOLARISING

A
  • Suxamethonium = 1-1.5, rapid onset and offset
    = USED FOR RAPID SEQUENCE INDUCTIONS
    X increases potassium + pressure in brain, eyes and gastric pressure
    Causes MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA + Muscle pains
    Treat the malignant hyperthermia with DANTROLENE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MUSCLE RELAXANT

Examples of names?

NON-DEPOLARISING = Nicotinic receptors

Reversed with???

A

Short: Atravarium, mivacarium
intermediate: vercuronum
Long: pancuronium

-SLOW ONSET
VARIABLE DURATION
LESS SIDE EFFECTS
Reversal with NEOSTIGMINE + GLYCOPYROLATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

LOCAL ANAESTHETICS

LIGNOCAINE

A

3 –> 7 with adrenaline
medium acting
amide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LOCAL ANAESTHETICS

BUPIVACAINE / LEVOBUBPIVACAINE

A

2–> 2 same with adrenaline
long acting
amide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

LOCAL ANAESTHETICS

Prilocaine

A

6–> 8 with adrenaline
short acting
Esther

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

VASOACTIVE DRUGS

A
  • Ephedrine increases HR + BP
  • other 2 phenylepherine and metaraminol increase BP but decrease HR
  • adreanaline and noradrenaline used in ICU
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MALLAMPATI SCORE

CLASS 1

A

can see soft palate, uvula, fauces and pillars

SUFP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MALLAMPATI SCORE

CLASS 2

A

can see soft palate, uvula and fauces

SUF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MALLAMPATI SCORE

CLASS 3

A

can see soft palate and base of uvula

SU

18
Q

MALLAMPATI SCORE

CLASS 4

A

can see only hard palate

HARD PALATE ONLY

19
Q

ASA GRADE 1

A

healthy patient with no systemic disease and non smoker and only mild drinker

20
Q

ASA GRADE 2

A

mild-moderate systemic disease NO functional limitation e.g. well controlled asthma, pregnancy smoker
BMI 30-40

21
Q

ASA GRADE 3

A

Severe systemic disease and FUNCTIONAL limitation.

e..g unstable angina, diabetic thats obese, BMI 40+

22
Q

ASA GRADE 4

A

severe systemic disease CONSTANT THREAT TO LIFE

e.g.. MI

23
Q

ASA GRADE 5

A

moribound patient NOT EXPECTED TO SURVIVE e.g. AAA

24
Q

ASA GRADE 6

A

brainstem dead

25
Q

CEPOD emergency

A

emergency - minutes life and organ saving/ limb

each surgery is dependent on situatio!

26
Q

CEPOD urgent

A

hours

potential risk to life limb

27
Q

CEPOD expedited

A

days

no immediate life limb threat

28
Q

CEPOD elective

A

WEEKS- planned

29
Q 
human requirements
water
NA
K
urine output
A

water 30-40/kg/day
NA 1.5-2 mmol/kg/day
K 1mmol/kg/day
urine output >0.5ml/kg/hour

30
Q 
FASTING
food + milk
breastfed infant
water
smoking
after 2 hours...ml water
A 
food + milk 6hrs
breastfed infant 4 hrs
water 2 hours
smoking 2 hours
...30ml

NO ALCOHOL 24HRS

31
Q

SPINAL

A

into csf lumbar
BELOW L2
between arachnoid and pia mater

32
Q

EPIDURAL

A

anywhere in epidural space

act on spinal roots

33
Q

ultrasound
high freq
low freq

A

high = high resolution, low depth

low freq = low resoltion, high depth

34
Q

a1 and b1 receptors

A 
a1 = more peripheral - blood vessels. Norarednealine main agent
b1 = more central- cardiac- adrenaline main agent
35
Q

RF for post op nausea and vomiting

TX

A

Female, previous PONV, motion sickness, non smokers, obesity, dehydration, ent and gynae surgery

TX: Ondansetron, Dexamethasone, Cyclizine, Prochlorprazine

36
Q

Calculation for local anaesthetic?

A

(Weight) X safe dose / % drug X 10 = how much local anaesthetic to use in ML

37
Q

When should women stop taking their combined COCP before surgery?

A

4 weeks before surgery.

38
Q

prior to surgery for patients taking prednisolone what is needed?

A

Hydrocortisone supplementation is required

39
Q

WHO surgical checklist order..

A

Sign in - before induction
Time out - before the first incision
Sign out - after last incision and before patient leaves the operating room

40
Q

Local anesthetic toxicity treatment?

A

IV 20% lipid emulsion

4TH YEAR ACC (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions