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4th year medicine > Anaesthetics > Flashcards

Anaesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Induction: propofol

A

Commonyl used
Decreased PONV
Drop in HR, BP

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2
Q

Induction: thiopentone

A

RSI
Drop in BP, increase in HR
Rash, bronchospasm

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3
Q

Induction: ketamine

A

Dissociative anaesthesia
Short procedures
N&V
Emergence phenomenon

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4
Q

Induction: etomidate

A

Rapid onset
Haemodynamic stability
PONV
Adrenocortico suppression

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5
Q

Maintenance: seroflurane

A

MAC 2%

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6
Q

Maintenance: desflurane

A

MAC 6%
rapid onset/offset
long ops

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7
Q

Maintenance: isoflurane

A

Least effect on organ perfusion

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8
Q

Analgesia: short acting opioids

A

fentanyl

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9
Q

Analgesia: long acting opioids

A

morphine

oxycodone

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10
Q

Analgesia: others

A

Paracetamol
NSAIDs - parecoxib, diclofenac
Weaker opioids - tramadol, dihydrocodeine

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11
Q

RSI

A

If full stomach (emergency) or risk of reflux
Preoxygenate
IV access
Opioid and thiopentone and muscle relaxant
Intubate

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12
Q

Muscle relaxants

A

Depolarising - suxamethonium (RSI) - muscle fasiculations, malignant hyperthermai, hyperkalaemia

Non-depolarising:
Short acting - atracurium, mivacurium
Intermediate - vecuronium, rocuvonium
Long acting - pancuronium

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13
Q

Antiemetics to prevent PONV

A 
Ondansetron (5HT blocker)
Cyclizine (antihistamine)
Dexamethasone (steroid)
Phenothiazine
Metoclopramide (antidopaminergic)
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14
Q

Reversal of non-depolarising muscle relaxants

A

Neostigmine (anticholinesterase)
(with glycopyrrolate to prevent brady)
Causes PONV

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15
Q

Max dose bupivacaine

with/without adrenaline

A

2mg/kg

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16
Q

Max dose lignocaine

with/without adrenaline

A

without adrenaline 3mg/kg

with adrenaline 7mg/kg

17
Q

Local anaesthetic toxicity (8)

A 
Lightheadedness
Mouth tingling
Tinnitus
Visual disturbances
Muscle twitching
Convulsions
Coma
Respiratory arrest
18
Q

Management of LA toxicity

A

Help, ABC
Control seizures (benzos or propofol)
IV lipid emulsion

19
Q

Max dose prilocaine with/without adrenaline

A

without adrenaline 6mg/kg

with adrenaline 8mg/kg

20
Q

How to calculate total maximum safe dose of LA

A

% strength x 10 = mg/ml

max safe x weight = max mg
max mg divided by mg/ml

21
Q

Fasting requirements

A

6 hours food

2 hours clear fluids (30ml allowed afterwards for medication)

22
Q

Sizing OP and NP airway

A

OP - corner of mouth to earlobe

NP - nose to earlobe

4th year medicine (22 decks)

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