Anaesthetics

Question 1

What is the mechanism of action of local anaesthetics?

Answer 1

• bind to subunit in voltage-gated Na+ channels, preventing influx of Na+ ion. This preventd an action potential from being fired.

Question 2

List 3 local anaesthetics

Answer 2

• bupivacaine
• procaine
• lidocaine
• tetracaine
• ultracaine
• mepivacaine
• ropivacaine
• chloroprocaine

Question 3

Name 2 local anaesthetics (ester form)

Answer 3

• procaine
• benzocaine
• chloroprocaine

Question 4

Name 2 local anaesthetics (amide form)

Answer 4

• lidocaine
• tetracaine
• ropivacaine
• mepivacaine

Question 5

List all the general anaesthetics (inhalation)

Answer 5

• fluorothane
• sevofluorane
• halothane
• dinitrogen oxide
• isofluorane
• enfluorane
• desfluorane

Question 6

List al general anaesthetics (IV)

Answer 6

• dexmedetomidine
• propofol
• etomidate
• methohexital

Question 7

What is the mechanism of action of general anaesthetics?

Answer 7

• some bind to NMDA receptors
• some bind to adrenergic A2A receptors (preventing release of epinephrine)
• some bind to GABAa receptors = influx of Cl- ions = hyperpolarisation

Question 8

What is the difference between analgesia and anaesthesia?

Question 9

What are the four stages of anasthesia?

Answer 9

Guedel established four stages in anaesthesia
Stage 1 - induction (patient is conscious but responses are slower)
Stage 2 - excitement/delirium (inhibitory impulses are blocked)
Stage 3 - surgical anaesthesia
Stage 4 - overdose
Stage 2 -