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OSCEs > anaesthesia and Fluid therapy > Flashcards

anaesthesia and Fluid therapy Flashcards

1
Q

How much is a full cylinder in kPA?

A

150kPa

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2
Q

what are the steps to take for CPR?

A
  • take note of the time
  • call for help
  • grab: sandbag, ET tube with bandage around, ambu bag and anesthetic machine, crah box
  • place dog in lateral recumbency on right side, extend neck and pull tongue out
  • start chest compressions 100-120 (change every 2 min)
  • intubate and give breath every 15 compression
  • give adrenaline
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3
Q

How do I know how much initial dose of inhalational vaporiser i need for anaesthesia? What do I need to calculate?

A

MAC ( for clinical anaesthesia 1.25- 1.5 x MAC)

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4
Q

Define MAC

A

MAC

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5
Q

What does the MAC acronym stand for?

A

Minimum alveolar Concentration

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6
Q

Do MAC values vary according to species?

A

Yes!

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7
Q

What is the MAC isoflurane value for a dog?

A

1.3 %

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8
Q

What is the MAC isoflurane value for a cat?

A

1.6 %

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9
Q

What is the MAC isoflurane value for a horse?

A

1.3 %

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10
Q

When considering fluid therapy what are the 3 body compartments to consider?

A
  • intravascular
  • intracellular
  • interstitial
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11
Q

Which body compartment holds the most water?

A
  • intracellular (40% of BW)
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12
Q

Fluid deficit in the intravascular space leads to …. shock

A

hypovolaemic shock

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13
Q

Fluid deficit in the intersitial space will lead to a state of …

A

dehydration

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14
Q

Fluid deficit in the cells will lead to…

A

hypernatremia

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15
Q

normal physiological losses in water can be categorised as

A

1- sensible
2- insensible

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16
Q

Should a fluid plan address the sensible and/or insensible losses?

A

Both “)

17
Q

What are examples of sensible fluid losses?

A

faeces, urination

18
Q

What are examples of insensible fluid losses?

A

sweating, panting

19
Q

Give examples of abnormal fluid losses

A
  • vomiting
  • diarrhoea
  • innappetance
  • pyrexia
  • Renal failure
  • Wound drainage
  • Third space loss
    (peritonitis, pleural
    effusion)
  • Medication (diuretics)
20
Q

What are the most common causes of fluid deficit?

A
  • hypovolaemic shock
  • dehydration
  • maintenance
  • on-going losses
21
Q

Animals in hypovolaemic shock present with which cx?

A
  • tachycardia in dogs
  • pale mucous membrane
  • cold extremities
  • prolonged CRT
  • elevated lactate
  • hypothermia
  • hypotension
22
Q

Should you give fluid therapy for all kinds of shock?

A
  • No, do NOT give for cardiogenic shock!!
23
Q

What is a normal MAP for cats and dogs?

A

85mmHg to 120mmHg

24
Q

What is the lowest tolerated MAP for cats and dogs?

A

60mmHg

25
Q

Is fluids of NaCl0.9% isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic?

A

isotonic

26
Q

What is the percentage of NaCl is hypertonic solution?

A

NaCl 7.5%

27
Q

Why are dehydration and hypovolaemic shock important to differentiate for fluid therapy?

A

Both require different clinical approaches

28
Q

After hypovolaemic shock has been corrected what other fluid losses must be addressed?

A
  • dehydration (aka fluid deficit)
  • maintenance (ie. if patient not eating or drinking)
  • on-going losses (ie vomiting, diarrhoea)
29
Q

define drip rate

A

drops/second

30
Q

What is the risk of using hypotonic crystalloid therapy?

A

cellular oedema

31
Q

how do you calculate drip rate?

A

1- total ml/24hr
2- ml/hr
3- ml/min
4- drops/ min
5- drops /sec

32
Q

what are the indications for hypertonic fluids?

A
  • hypovolaemic shock
  • oedema
33
Q

indications for hypotonic fluid therapy

A
  • true dehydration (water without solutes)
34
Q

indication for isotonic fluid therapy

A
  • Dehydration
  • Maintenance
  • Ongoing losses
  • Anaesthesia
  • Hypovolemic shock
  • Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis
35
Q
A

OSCEs (10 decks)

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