anaesthesia and Fluid therapy Flashcards
How much is a full cylinder in kPA?
150kPa
what are the steps to take for CPR?
- take note of the time
- call for help
- grab: sandbag, ET tube with bandage around, ambu bag and anesthetic machine, crah box
- place dog in lateral recumbency on right side, extend neck and pull tongue out
- start chest compressions 100-120 (change every 2 min)
- intubate and give breath every 15 compression
- give adrenaline
How do I know how much initial dose of inhalational vaporiser i need for anaesthesia? What do I need to calculate?
MAC ( for clinical anaesthesia 1.25- 1.5 x MAC)
Define MAC
MAC
What does the MAC acronym stand for?
Minimum alveolar Concentration
Do MAC values vary according to species?
Yes!
What is the MAC isoflurane value for a dog?
1.3 %
What is the MAC isoflurane value for a cat?
1.6 %
What is the MAC isoflurane value for a horse?
1.3 %
When considering fluid therapy what are the 3 body compartments to consider?
- intravascular
- intracellular
- interstitial
Which body compartment holds the most water?
- intracellular (40% of BW)
Fluid deficit in the intravascular space leads to …. shock
hypovolaemic shock
Fluid deficit in the intersitial space will lead to a state of …
dehydration
Fluid deficit in the cells will lead to…
hypernatremia
normal physiological losses in water can be categorised as
1- sensible
2- insensible
Should a fluid plan address the sensible and/or insensible losses?
Both “)
What are examples of sensible fluid losses?
faeces, urination
What are examples of insensible fluid losses?
sweating, panting
Give examples of abnormal fluid losses
- vomiting
- diarrhoea
- innappetance
- pyrexia
- Renal failure
- Wound drainage
- Third space loss
(peritonitis, pleural
effusion) - Medication (diuretics)
What are the most common causes of fluid deficit?
- hypovolaemic shock
- dehydration
- maintenance
- on-going losses
Animals in hypovolaemic shock present with which cx?
- tachycardia in dogs
- pale mucous membrane
- cold extremities
- prolonged CRT
- elevated lactate
- hypothermia
- hypotension
Should you give fluid therapy for all kinds of shock?
- No, do NOT give for cardiogenic shock!!
What is a normal MAP for cats and dogs?
85mmHg to 120mmHg
What is the lowest tolerated MAP for cats and dogs?
60mmHg
Is fluids of NaCl0.9% isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic?
isotonic
What is the percentage of NaCl is hypertonic solution?
NaCl 7.5%
Why are dehydration and hypovolaemic shock important to differentiate for fluid therapy?
Both require different clinical approaches
After hypovolaemic shock has been corrected what other fluid losses must be addressed?
- dehydration (aka fluid deficit)
- maintenance (ie. if patient not eating or drinking)
- on-going losses (ie vomiting, diarrhoea)
define drip rate
drops/second
What is the risk of using hypotonic crystalloid therapy?
cellular oedema
how do you calculate drip rate?
1- total ml/24hr
2- ml/hr
3- ml/min
4- drops/ min
5- drops /sec
what are the indications for hypertonic fluids?
- hypovolaemic shock
- oedema
indications for hypotonic fluid therapy
- true dehydration (water without solutes)
indication for isotonic fluid therapy
- Dehydration
- Maintenance
- Ongoing losses
- Anaesthesia
- Hypovolemic shock
- Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis
