Anaesthesia Flashcards
what are common components for induction of anaesthesia - IV and INH
IV
Propofol
Inhalational
Sevoflurane
Isoflurane
Nitrous Oxide – not too effective
how is maintenance of anaesthesia achieved - IV or INH
IV - TIVA (propofol + opiate)
INH
Sevoflurane
Isoflurane
Nitrous Oxide – not too effective
aside from hypnotics what else is given for general anaesthesia
Muscle relaxation – not always required
Neuromusclar blocking agents like atracurium. Rocuronium, suxamethonium
Anti-nociception
Opioids
Paracetamol (supplementary)
NSAIDS (supplementary)
what should always be given if muscle relaxants are given
hypnotics as muscle relaxants merely paralyse the patient
what are the physiological effects of anaesthesia
Airway
Loss of tone
Loss of reflexes
Increased risk of aspiration
Breathing Reduction of FRC Impaired ventilatory function and drive Response to hypercapnia is dampened Worse ventilation/perfusion matching Atelectasis Prolonged effects after surgery
Cardiovascular Hypotension Reduced cardiac output Reduction in oxygen delivery and oxygen demand Impacts on Cardiac function Systemic vascular resistance Venous return
Neurological
Stroke (Subclinical»_space; clinical , More related to surgical insult)
Delirium
Dementia
what are the minor and major complications of GA
Minor Pain Sore throat Teeth damage - intubation Post-op N+V
Major
?cognition
Stroke
Pulmonary
what is a purely anaethetic related disorder causing death
malignant hyperthermia
what is the starvation protocol for anaethetics + why is it done
6 hours for food
2 hours for fluids
No more no less – e.g. do not write NBM at midnight
Do not keep NBM just in case
Reduces risk of aspiration
Follow guidance for T1DM
what are the 2 main types of local anaesthesia
central/neuraxial and major nerves/regional blocks
