Anaerobic Respiration

Question 1

Oxidation

Answer 1

Energy is released by removing electrons

Single bond to double bond

C-H —-> C-OH
C-OH —-> C=O
C=O —–> COOH OR C=O ——> CO2 (NO FURTHER OXIDATION)

Question 2

Reduction

Answer 2

Energy is put in by adding electrons

Double bond to single bond

Question 3

What are the sources of glucose ?

Answer 3

Sugars and starch from he diet

Breakdown of the stored glycogen fro the liver

Recycled glucose ( from lactic acid/ amino acid and glycerol)

Question 4

Describe what glycolysis is

Answer 4

C6 —-> 2x C3

occurs in the cytosol

Functions include ATP synthesis and producing intermediated for fat and and amino acid synthesis

Question 5

Describe the reactions of glycogenolysis

Answer 5

ACTIVATION ( using ATP)
SPLITTING OF 6-C TO 3C
OXIDATION ( REMOVING 2H)
SYNTHESIS OF ATP

Question 6

NAD reactions

Answer 6

NAD –> NADH + H+

addition of H+ and 2e-

Question 7

ATP yields from glycolysis

Answer 7

use 2 ATP
make 4 ATP
Net- 2 ATP

Question 8

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 8

when O2 is supplied to the tissues is limited pyruvate cannot be converted to CO2

pyruvate is converted to lactate which allows the NADH to be converted to NAD+

pyruvate + NADH + H+ ——> 2-lactate (MUSCLE) + NADH

2-Lactate + NADH ——> pyruvate + NADH + H+

Question 9

pyruvate can be converted to

Answer 9

lactate - no oxygen and no mitochondria

acetyl CoA- citric acid - CO2

acetyl coA- fatty acids

ethanol ( microorganisms)

Question 10

How is glycolysis regulated in cells?

Answer 10

Increase - during intense muscle workout and after a high carbohydrate workout

Decrease- fasting state

Question 11

Allsoteric control of the phosphofructokinase

Answer 11

Decrease - high ATP
Decrease - high citrate
Increase - high AMP