anaerobic respiration Flashcards
How is NAD regenerated in anaerobic respiration?
The reduced NAD from glycolysis is oxidized by converting pyruvate into lactate, allowing NAD to be regenerated and glycolysis to continue.
What is the net ATP yield of anaerobic respiration?
2ATP
What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in animal cells?
The end product is lactate, which accumulates in the muscles and must be disposed of later.
What happens to lactate in solution?
Lactate forms lactic acid in solution, which lowers the pH of the cell and inhibits glycolysis enzymes.
Why does lactate accumulation affect glycolysis?
As lactate accumulates, it lowers the pH, inhibiting enzymes that catalyze glycolysis, which can stop glycolysis and prevent continued physical activity.
How does lactate build-up affect enzyme function?
Enzymes work best within a narrow pH range. Hydrogen ions from lactic acid neutralize negatively charged groups in enzyme active sites, affecting substrate binding.
What happens if the active site of an enzyme is affected by pH changes?
The substrate may no longer bind to the enzyme’s active site, reducing enzyme efficiency and slowing metabolic reactions.
