Anaerobic Performance

Question 1

1. Importance of anaerobic performance in children
2. Aerobic v. Anaerobic E turnover

Answer 1

1. Many of their activities involve bursts of E rather than mod intensity over long period of time, E needs cannot be met thru aerobic sys
2. Anaerobic sys used for short burst at high intensity, decreasing from 1 second to 3 mins before aerobic starts, at 90 sec 50% of E produced is from anaerobic and other is from aerobic, beyond 90 sec is all aerobic

Question 2

4 E pathways

Answer 2

1. Use stored ATP, immediate, 3 sec
2. Use PCr and creating kinase to replenish ATP, immediate, lasts 5-10 sec
3. Use glycolysis to produce pyruvate from glycogen, produce lactate, short term up to 90 sec
4. Use aerobic sys to produce many ATP from pyruvate using oxidative phosphorylation using O2 and FA, glucose, and glycogen as fuel, long term, up to 90 seconds
5. Goal of all pathways is to produce ATP, E released when ATP broken into ADP and Pi in form of heat, increase in complexity, decrease ATP production speed

Question 3

1. determinants of anaerobic performance
2. measurement issues with anaerobic performance

Answer 3

1. maximal anaerobic performance limited by fat-free mass and muscle size; age/sex assoc var is due to muscle mass variation
2. no lab standard test for anaerobic performance, why more aerobic research than anaerobic

Question 4

margaria step running test
1. procedure
2. advantages
2. disadvantages

Answer 4

1. run up multiple steps as at max speed, measure peak mech power as P = mass*height/sec
2. easy to administer, cost effective
3. performance depends on participant’s skill, more practice for higher proficiency; whole body exercise, not able to measure anaerobic performance of specific muscle group

Question 5

vertical jump-sargent test
1. procedure
2. advantages
3. disadvantages

Answer 5

1. slight squat, swing arm and max jump, measures power gen at takeoff using (highest point reached by finger with extended arms - height with ext arms)*body mass
2. no equipment req, can be tested in all ages
3. some children less than 7-8 y/o do not perform test correctly since basic movement pattern for jump not fully dev, in 9-13 y/o 40% do not have mature pattern

Question 6

vertical jump force platform
1. procedure
2. advantages
3. disadvantages

Answer 6

1. partipant takes off from platform recording F; increase F during takeoff, F drop to zero during flight and greatly increases at landing; mech power calculated by multiplying vert F before takeoff by vert V
2. quick
3. power produced is only 50-60% peak power during wingate, req lab equipment

Question 7

isokinetic single joint test

Answer 7

measure mech power during repeated max contractions at single joint using Biodex; mech power = angular v*peak torque; power decrease bc fatigue, calculate fatigue index, PP, total work

Question 8

F-V cycling test

Answer 8

5-8 brief 5-7 sec cycling sprints on ergometer, each with diff braking F since mech power diff at diff braking F to determine PP

Question 9

Quebec 10 and 90 sec cycling test
1. 10 sec
2. 90 sec

Answer 9

1. all out cycle erg with set braking F for 10 sec to measure total work output in 9+ y/o; 95% reliability within 7 days
2. maximal effort ride to exhaustion with set braking F for 90 sec to measure max work output in 10+ y/o; 96% reliability within 7 days

Question 10

Wingate test
1. procedure
2. advantages
3. disadvantages

Answer 10

1. 30 sec cycling at max speed at set braking F for continous calculation of PP and mean power; force is high enough to induce fatigue within several sec
2. most common test for short and med term anaerobic performance
3. hard to determine optimal braking F yielding PP

Question 11

1. isokinetic cycling test
2. motorized treadmill sprint
3. non-motorized treadmill sprint

Answer 11

1. maintain constant speed despite increasing resistance; change in P depends on change in F, research opportunities for muscle contractibility and fatigability
2. time to keeps sprinting on motorized treadmill used as index of total body intermediate anaerobic performance, calculate mech P based on body mass, velocity, and incline; evokes fear of falling, uses invalidated assumptions
3. same as motorized but velocity determined by person’s running sped

Question 12

recovery after anaerobic exercise in children
1. recovery
2. procedure
3. results/conclusion

Answer 12

1. req brief rest to repeat a phys task, thought that children recover faster than adults after strenous task
2. rate of recovery of H+ ion after wingate test in adults and children
3. lower H+ accumulation in children and start to decrease after 1 min to full recovery at 3 min; H+ lvls in adults don’t decrease even after 10 mins