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EXCI 352 Final Exam > Anaerobic Endurance Training > Flashcards

Anaerobic Endurance Training Flashcards

1
Q

What are the modalities of anaerobic training

A
  • resistance training
  • plyometric training
  • speed training
  • agility training
  • interval training
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2
Q

What are the 6 improvements in response to anaerobic training

A

Improvements in:
- muscular strength
- muscular power
- muscular hypertrophy
- muscular endurance
- motor skills
- coordination

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3
Q

What are the neural adaptations that can occur in response to anaerobic training

A

Adaptations along the neuromuscular chain beginning in the higher brain centers and continuing down to the level of individual muscle fibres

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4
Q

Where do the neural changes take place in central adaptations

A

along the descending corticospinal tracts

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5
Q

Which type of motor unit is larger

A

Type 2

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6
Q

Which motor unit type has the lower recruitment threshold

A

Type 1

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7
Q

Which motor unit type has the higher input resistance

A

Type 1

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8
Q

Which type of movement is the exception to the size principle

A

Ballistic contractions

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9
Q

What is an adaptation of motor units for firing

A

The firing of 2 or more motor units at a fixed interval

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10
Q

What were the main findings of the deschenes study

A
  • Dispersed, irregular-shaped synapses: HIT > LIT
  • Total length of nerve terminal branching: HIT > LIT
  • Average length per branch: HIT> LIT
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11
Q

What did resistance training significantly increase in Deschene’s study

A
  • endplate perimeter length
  • endplate area
    _ the dispersion of ACh receptors within the endplate region
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12
Q

T/F Aerobic training enhances the reflex response

A

False, it is anaerobic training that increases

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13
Q

What does an increase in EMG indicate

A

Greater neural activation

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14
Q

When do dramatic increases in neural adaptations take place in an anaerobic training program

A

At the beginning, 6-10 weeks

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15
Q

When does hypertrophy begin to occur

A

> 10 weeks

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16
Q

What is the onset of muscle hypertrophy associated with

A

a decline in EMG activity

17
Q

In cross-education, is there a greater EMG activity in the trained or untrained limb?

A

Untrained

18
Q

T/F EMG activity is higher in bilateral contractions

A

False, they are lower

19
Q

What are the 5 muscular adaptations in anaerobic training

A
  • Muscular growth
  • Fiber size changes
  • Fiber type transitions
  • Structural & architectural changes
  • Other muscular adaptations
20
Q

What does the process of muscle hypertrophy involve an increase of

A
  • net accretion of actin and myosin
  • number of myofibrils within a muscle fiber
  • synthesis of structural proteins such as titin and nebulin
21
Q

Which proteins are responsive to mechanical deformation of muscle

A
  • Protein kinase B/ mTOR pathway
  • AMPK pathway
  • MAPK pathway
22
Q

What are the acute anabolic hormone responses for muscular growth?

A

testosterone, growth hormone

23
Q

In muscular growth there is the down regulation of which inhibitory growth factor

A

Myostatin

24
Q

In muscular growth there is upregulation of which stimulatory growth factor?

A

IGF-1

25
Q

T/F protein synthesis is elevated after acute resistance exercise

A

True

26
Q

What does the magnitude of protein synthesis depend on?

A
  • carb & protein intake
  • timing of nutrient intake
  • mechanical stress of the weight training workout
  • muscle cell hydration levels
  • anabolic hormonal response
  • subsequent receptor response to hormones
27
Q

T/F Resistance training results in both type 1 and type 2 muscle fiber area

A

True

28
Q

Which fiber type has a greater increase in size

A

Type 2 fibers > type 1 fibers

29
Q

T/F Resistance training has not been shown to increase the angle of penation in pennate muscles

A

False, it has shown to increase angle of pennation

30
Q

What increases the fascicle length in rectus femoris muscle

A

The combination of resistance, sprint & jump training

31
Q

What increases fascicle length in vastus lateralis muscle

A

Sprint & jump training

32
Q

What has resistance training been shown to increase

A
  • myofibrillar volume
  • cytoplasmic density
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum density
  • T-tubule density
  • sodium-potassium ATPase activity
33
Q

What has sprint training shown to enhance

A
  • Calcium release
34
Q

What does heavy resistance training reduce

A

Mitochondrial density

35
Q

What are some (3) other muscular adaptations caused by resistance training

A
  • decrease capillary density
  • increase resting CP & ATP concentrations
  • increase glycogen content
36
Q

How can athletes stimulate adaptations in cartilage?

A

-Moderate-intensity anerobic
exercise
- Strenuous exercise with progressive overload

EXCI 352 Final Exam (9 decks)

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