ANAEROBIC BACTERIA Flashcards by Shiela Micah Gascon

A patient was diagnosed with bacterial infection in the colon. He had febrile episodes associated with chills. He persistently complained of abdominal pain. On PE, abdomen was tender. What possible bacteria will be isolated at the site of infection?
A. Bacteroides fragilis with Escherichia coli
B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Escherichia coli
C. Bacteroides fragilis with Legionella pneumophila
D. Bacteroides fragilis with Staphylococcus aureus

Answer: [A.] Bacteroides fragilis with Escherichia coli.

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ANATOMIC SITE:
COLON
MOUTH

Bacteroides fragilis

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ANATOMIC SITE:
Urinary tract, abdominal cavity, biliary tract, bloodstream, lungs, bone, meninges, prostate gland

Escherichia coli

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ANATOMIC SITE:
Skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone, ears, eyes, urinary tract, lungs, and heart valves

Pseudomonas fragilis

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ANATOMIC SITE:
LUNGS

Legionella pneumophila

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ANATOMIC SITE:
skin, nose

Staphylococcus aureus

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The following are characteristics of Actinomyces, EXCEPT?
A. Incubated for in 1 week
B. With granuloma formation
C. With sulfur granules
D. Some are aerotolerant

Answer: [A.] Actinomyces is incubated for 2 weeks anaerobically.

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67 year old Mr. Juan was diagnosed with
Legionnaire’s disease. Which of the following risk
factors would you ask from him?
A. Smoking
B. Use of steroids
C. Prolonged stay in a lake
D. All of the above

Answer: [D.] Immunocompromised host such as those who are chronic smokers, those who use steroids (as they are immunosuppressants), and staying in the lake for a longtime (Legionellae are ubiquitous in warm and moist environments e.g. lakes, streams, and other bodies of water) are at risk of Legionella infection.

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67 year old Mr. Juan was diagnosed with
Legionnaire’s disease. Urinary antigen showed
positive for Legionella. Which treatment should
you initiate?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Ceftriaxone
D. Meropenem

Answer: [B.] Ciprofloxacin. The treatments for
Legionnaire’s disease are macrolides (erythromycin,
azithromycin, telithromycin, and clarithromycin),
quinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) and

tetracyclines (doxycycline). Many Legionellae make β-
lactamases therefore, β-lactam antibiotics, such as

Amoxicillin should not be used.

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67 year old Mr. Juan was diagnosed with
Legionnaire’s disease. Antibiotic therapy may
usually last for about how many weeks?
A. 2
B. 1
C. 4
D. 3

Answer: [D.] Antibiotic therapy may usually last for 3
weeks.

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A 34 year old female complained of hypogastric
pain. Ultrasound showed ovarian abscess, right.
Which organism will be isolated once we do
anaerobic culture?
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Bacteroides
C. Escherichia coli
D. Lactobacillus

Answer: [B.] BACTEROIDES.

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Ovarian abscesses

Bacteroides

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Endocarditis, bacteremia,
and pleuropneumonia,
meningitis, UTI

Lactobacillus

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UTI, diarrhea, sepsis,
meningitis

Escherichia coli

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Osteomyelitis, pneumonia,
meningitis, empyema,
endocarditis, sepsis, acne,
pyoderma, impetigo

Staphylococcus aureus

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The following organism/s cause/causes Carrion’s
disease:
A. Bartonella henselae
B. Bartonella bacilliformis
C. Bartonella quintana
D. All of the above

Answer: [B.] BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS.

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Carrion’s disease
1. Oroya fever
2. Verruga peruana

Bartonella bacilliformis

Cat-scratch disease,
Bacillary angiomatosis

Bartonella henselae

Trench fever (5 day fever),
Bacillary angiomatosis

Bartonella quintana

Anatomic site of Prevotella melaninogenica?
A. Mouth, colon, brain
B. Mouth, lungs, brain
C. Mouth, liver, brain
D. Mouth, colon, GUT

Answer: [D.] The anatomic sites of Prevotella
melaninogenica are mouth, colon, and GUT
(genitourinary tract).

The following organism/s cause/causes Bacillary
angiomatosis:
A. Bartonella henselae
B. Bartonella bacilliformis
C. Bartonella quintana
D. All of the above

Answer: [A and C] Bacillary angiomatosis is an uncommon disease characterized by neovascular proliferation in the skin or the internal organs (peliosis) due to an infection with Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana.

Anaerobic bacteria associated with oropharyngeal
infections?
A. Actinomyces, Fusobacterium
B. Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella melaninogenica
C. Prevotella melaninogenica, Propionibacterium
D. All of the above

Answer: [A.] Anerobic bacteria associated with
oropharyngeal infections are the Actinomyces and
Fusobacterium species.

You examined a 27 year old female who complained
of fishy odor on her vaginal discharge. Which cell
will you expect on wet smear?
A. Giant cells
B. Clue cells
C. Macrophage
D. Kupffer cells

Answer: [B.] Vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis
manifests clue cells on wet smear.

The following organism/s cause/causes Oroya
fever:
A. Bartonella henselae
B. Bartonella bacilliformis
C. Bartonella quintana
D. All of the above

B. Bartonella bacilliformis

33. The following are treatment for Oroya fever, EXCEPT: A. Doxycycline B. Ampicillin C. Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole D. Vancomycin

Answer: [D.] Oroya fever is treated by Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Ampicillin, or Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, and Macrolides not Vancomycin.

34. Which anaerobic organism is present in the mouth? A. Propionibacterium and Escherichia coli B. Bacteroides fragilis with Fusobacterium C. Lactobacillus and Bacteroides fragilis D. Peptococcus and Veilonella

Answer: [B.] The anaerobic organisms present in the mouth are Bacteroides fragilis with Fusobacterium.

35. The following antimicrobials are used in the treatment for mixed anaerobic infections: A. Cefotetan, Metronidazole, Amoxicillin B. Clindamycin, Cefotetan, Cefuroxime C. Clindamycin, Metronidazole, Cefoxitin D. Metronidazole, Penicillin, Amoxicillin

Answer: [C.] Treatment of anaerobic infections requires drainage of abscesses and antibiotics, such as penicillin (for non–β- lactamase producers), clindamycin, cefoxitin, metronidazole, and the carbapenems.

1. Treatment for actinomycosis is? a. Ceftriaxone b. Penicillin c. Macrolides d. Tetracycline

B only Penicillin is the DOC; Tetracycline is used for penicillin allergic agents; Ceftriaxone together with Imipenem has been reported to be successful tx too.

2. A gram negative anaerobic bacilli which is a part of the normal oral microbiota and can be cultured from gingival apical tooth is? * a) Prevotella b) Porphyromonas c) Fusobacteria d) Propionibacteria

b) Porphyromonas

3. Empiric treatment for abdominal abscess a. Metronidazole + Clindamycin b. Metronidazole + Ampicillin c. Metronidazole + Ceftriaxone d. Metronidazole + Amoxicillin

a. Metronidazole + Clindamycin

4. Lactobacillus can be found in all of the following parts, EXCEPT: a) Mouth b) Colon c) Vagina d) Brain

d. Brain

5. The most common form of actinomyces is * a. Thoracic b. Cervical c. Abdominal d. All of the above

b. Cervical

6. Sulfur granules are found in what anaerobic bacteria? a) Prevotella b) Actinomyces c) Fusobacteria d) Propionibacteria

b) Actinomyces

7. What bacteria is responsible for Lemierre Syndrome? a. Fusobacterium necrophorum b. Bacteroides fragilis c. Propionibacterium acne d. Fusobacterium perfoetens

a. Fusobacterium necrophorum

8. The following characteristic/s is/are TRUE of Propionibacteium: a) Members of the normal microbiota of the skin b) Releases propionic acid c) Highly pleomorphic d) All of the above

d) All of the above

9. Patient sustained a stab wound. He underwent abdominal operation and diagnosed with perforation of the colon. The doctor entertained a Bacteroides fragilis infection. Which is true of this microorganism? a. Bile resistant b. Spore forming bacteria c. Slender gram negative rods d. All of the above

✓A and C only -B. fragilis are non-spore forming bacteria.

10. The following are TRUE of Actinomyces? a) Associated with acute infection b) It is a fastidious organism c) resembles molar tooth d) Both B and C are correct

d) Both B and C are correct

11. Gram positive anaerobic bacteria a. Lactobacillus b. Peptostreptococcus c. Fusobacterium d. Bacteroides fragilis

a. Lactobacillus b. Peptostreptococcus

12. The following are anaerobic gram negative rods, EXCEPT a) Fusobacterium b) Propionibacterium c) Prevotella melaninogenica d) Bacteroides fragilis

b) Propionibacterium

13. Which of the following microorganisms cause Oropharyngeal infections? a. Provetella melaninogenica b. Peptostreptococcus c. Bacteroides fragilis d. None of the above

a. Provetella melaninogenica

14. True of Gardnerella vaginalis, EXCEPT? a) Clue cells are seen in wet smears b) With fishy odor c) Associated with premature rupture of membrane d) With inflammatory cells

D only -Inflammatory cells are not present in G. vaginalis.

15. True of anaerobic bacteria, EXCEPT? a. Does not use oxygen for growth and metabolism b. Obtain their energy by from fermentation reactions c. May grow on the surface of solid medium in 10% CO2 in ambient air. d. Clostridium difficile is an example

✓C only -They fail to grow on the surface of solid medium in 10% CO2 in ambient air.