Anaemia 2 Flashcards
what are the factors to consider when diagnosing anaemia?
Hb, RCC and HCT, MCV
if there are normal red cells what is anaemia due to?
bleeding - GI bleeding
if there are abnormal red cells what is the cause of anaemia?
autoimmune/hereditary
what is a microcytic red cell?
small cell
what is a macrocytic red cell
large cell
what is a normocytic red cell
normal red cell
if a patient has microcytic anaemia what is this from?
iron deficiency or thalassemia
if a patient has macrocytic anaemia what is this from?
B12/folate deficiency, retics
if a patient has normocytic anaemia what is this from?
bleed, renal, chronic disease
if a cell is hypochromic what does this mean?
they are paler due to being less haemoglobin in the cells
what are ansiocytic cells?
exaggerated sizes of the cells
what is a reticulocyte?
almost mature RBC
when are reticulocytes released?
early into the circulation to replace losses
what do the early release of reticulocytes do?
raise the MCV
what are the signs of anaemia?
pale, tachycardia, enlarged liver and enlarged spleen
what is the symptoms of anaemia?
tired and weak, dizzy, SOB, palpitations
what is the appearance of the tongue if there is an iron deficiency?
smooth
what is the appearance of the tongue if there is a vitamin B12 deficiency?
beefy tongue
what are the investigations needed for anaemia?
history, FBC, GI blood loss, renal function, bone marrow examination
what tests are there for GI blood loss?
FOB (faecal occult blood), endoscopy - upper GI/colonoscopy - lower GI
what is the treatment for anaemia?
replace haematinics, transfusions, erythropoeitin
what oral aspects are seen with anaemia?
mucosal atrophy, candidiasis, recurrent oral ulceration, sensory changes
