Anaemia 2

Question 1

what are the factors to consider when diagnosing anaemia?

Answer 1

Hb, RCC and HCT, MCV

Question 2

if there are normal red cells what is anaemia due to?

Answer 2

bleeding - GI bleeding

Question 3

if there are abnormal red cells what is the cause of anaemia?

Answer 3

autoimmune/hereditary

Question 4

what is a microcytic red cell?

Answer 4

small cell

Question 5

what is a macrocytic red cell

Answer 5

large cell

Question 6

what is a normocytic red cell

Answer 6

normal red cell

Question 7

if a patient has microcytic anaemia what is this from?

Answer 7

iron deficiency or thalassemia

Question 8

if a patient has macrocytic anaemia what is this from?

Answer 8

B12/folate deficiency, retics

Question 9

if a patient has normocytic anaemia what is this from?

Answer 9

bleed, renal, chronic disease

Question 10

if a cell is hypochromic what does this mean?

Answer 10

they are paler due to being less haemoglobin in the cells

Question 11

what are ansiocytic cells?

Answer 11

exaggerated sizes of the cells

Question 12

what is a reticulocyte?

Answer 12

almost mature RBC

Question 13

when are reticulocytes released?

Answer 13

early into the circulation to replace losses

Question 14

what do the early release of reticulocytes do?

Answer 14

raise the MCV

Question 15

what are the signs of anaemia?

Answer 15

pale, tachycardia, enlarged liver and enlarged spleen

Question 16

what is the symptoms of anaemia?

Answer 16

tired and weak, dizzy, SOB, palpitations

Question 17

what is the appearance of the tongue if there is an iron deficiency?

Answer 17

smooth

Question 18

what is the appearance of the tongue if there is a vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 18

beefy tongue

Question 19

what are the investigations needed for anaemia?

Answer 19

history, FBC, GI blood loss, renal function, bone marrow examination

Question 20

what tests are there for GI blood loss?

Answer 20

FOB (faecal occult blood), endoscopy - upper GI/colonoscopy - lower GI

Question 21

what is the treatment for anaemia?

Answer 21

replace haematinics, transfusions, erythropoeitin

Question 22

what oral aspects are seen with anaemia?

Answer 22

mucosal atrophy, candidiasis, recurrent oral ulceration, sensory changes