Anaemia Flashcards
Symptoms of anaemia
Lethargy, easy fatigability, swelling of face , arms and abd wall
Breathlessness and chest pain
Investigations for anemia
Hb, PCV, RBC
MCV MCH MCHC
PS -
1. Hypochromic microcytic anisocytosis and poikilocytes - IDA
2. Hyperchromic macrocytic hypersegmentation of neutrophils megaloblasts- Howell jolly bodies
Platelet count
Buffy coat
Blood grouping and typing
Urine and stool examination
Serum protein
Hb electrophoresis, acid elusion test, serum bilirubin
Define anaemia
Decrease oxygen carrying of blood due to quantitative or qualitative decrease in RBC or Hb conc of blood
ICMR Classification of Anaemia
Mild- 10-10.9 g/dl
Moderate - 7-10
Severe- 4-7
Very severe - <4
National Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme
All pregnant and lactating women should receive 100mg of elemental iron and 0.5mcg folic acid
12 by 12 initiative - aim to achieve 12 g/dl by 12years
Stages of Iron deficiency
First stage: depletion of iron stores decrease in ferritin
Second stage: decrease in serum iron and increase in TIBC
Third stage: iron deficiency anaemia
Modalities of antenatal anaemia treatment
Oral iron - <30 w - moderate anemia
Parenteral iron- 30-36 w , IM /IV
Packed red cell transfusion - > 36 week and severe anemia in any trimester
Name a few parenteral iron-preparations
Iron dextran , iron sucrose, iron sorbitol citric acid complex
No test dose needed for iron sucrose
How to administer parenteral iron
100mg in 100ml of normal saline IV in 15mins - to prevent free radicals
Factors influencing iron absorption
Increase - vit c, aa, citric acid
Decrease - phytates, tannins, phosphates and calcium
Oral ferrous sulphate tablets
Contains 100mg elemental iron
Rate of improvement in anemia
0.7g /100ml / week
Time - 21 days
Reticulocytes within 1 week
Oral iron therapy
Ferrous sulphate 333g , contains 100 mg of elemental iron
Prophylactic - 1Tablet
Therapeutic - 3 tablet per day
