AnA

Question 1

Statements

Answer 1

Sentences with truth value

Question 2

Conclusion Indicators

Answer 2

Therefore, consequently, so, it follows that, hence, implies that

Question 3

Acceptable Premises (6)

Answer 3

Justifies the conclusion
Plausible

• Unambiguous
• Appropriate authority
• Appropriate analogies
• Attacks the claim

Question 4

Sufficient Premises

Answer 4

Relevant, acceptable, sufficient.

Question 5

Standard Form

Answer 5

P1
P2
_______
C

Question 6

Intermediate conclusions

Answer 6

Conclusions that serve as a premise

Question 7

Valid Argument Definition

Answer 7

The truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion.

Question 8

Deductive arguments

Answer 8

Rule > specific
Acceptable or unacceptable/ valid or invalid

Question 9

Inductive arguments
Strong or weak

Answer 9

Specific > rule

Question 10

Linked arguments

Answer 10

1+2 |— 3

Question 11

Convergent arguments

Answer 11

1->3
2->3

Question 12

Serial arguments

Answer 12

1 - > 2 - > 3

Question 13

Steps for argument diagramming

Answer 13

1. Brackets
2. Numbers
3. Identify C&P
4. Identify relationship

Question 14

Analogical arguments

Answer 14

1. Truth
2. Relevance
3. Number
4. Disanalogy

Question 15

Fallacies of acceptability (4)

Answer 15

• Amphiboly and equivocation
• Appeals to authority
• Slippery slopes
• Confirmation bias

Question 16

Fallacies of relevance (2)

Answer 16

Ad hominum
Appeal to emotion

Question 17

Fallacy of sufficiency

Answer 17

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Question 18

Formal fallacies (2)

Answer 18

• Affirming the consequent
• Denying the antecedent

Question 19

Equivocation

Answer 19

Words or phrases

Question 20

Amphiboly

Answer 20

Whole sentence’s grammar

Question 21

Appeals to authority (3)

Answer 21

• Expertise
• Sufficient expertise
• Degree of agreement with other experts
• Unbiased

Question 22

Slipppery slope

Answer 22

The next thing you know…

Question 23

Confirmation bias

Answer 23

Biased interpretation or recollection.

Question 24

Ad Hominum (3)

Answer 24

1. Ad Hominum Abusive
2. Ad Hominum Circumstantial (self interest)
3. Tu quoque (past behaviour)

Question 25

Appeal to Emotion

Answer 25

Eg. Think about the poor children in Africa

Question 26

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

Answer 26

Because x followed y, y caused x.

Question 27

Affirming the consequent

Answer 27

If the consequent is true, then the antecedent must also be.
Ie. X -> y, because y is true, x must be true.

Eg. If the lamp was broken, the room would be dark. The room is dark, therefore the lamp is broken.

Question 28

Denying the antecedent

Answer 28

X -> y. X is not true so y cannot be true.

Any person who blinks is alive. Sleeping people do not blink. Therefore, sleeping people are not alive.

Question 29

Point of counterexamples

Answer 29

They disprove a universal claim