an overview of the features of the dictatorships that emerged in Russia, Italy (ADD GERMANY OR JAPAN LATER)

Question 1

What did people in Europe soon begin to question, in this period of economic instability?

Answer 1

As with any period of economic instability, people in Europe soon began to question existing institutions

Question 2

What uncertainty and change proved fertile grounds for?

Answer 2

Uncertainty and change have always proved fertile ground for extremists with radical solutions to everyday problems

Question 3

What did extremists with radical solutions to everyday problems challenge?

Answer 3

This saw challenges to moderate, ‘middle of the road’ politicians, especially in Germany and Italy

Question 4

What challenges were on the left side?

Answer 4

On the one side, there were the Communist Parties, inspired by the success of the revolution in Russia in 1917 & the promise of a new classless society

Question 5

What challenges were on the right side?

Answer 5

On the other side, were the ‘right wing’ anti-communist groups, such as the Fascist party in Italy, and the Nazis and other militarist right wing groups in Germany

Question 6

What did Mark Mazower suggest in ‘The Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century’ (1999) about the dictatorships that emerged in the interwar period?

Answer 6

As MARK MAZOWER suggests in ‘The Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century, 1999, p.3’, the dictatorships that emerged in the interwar period partly came about because of the deep, cultural authoritarian traditions that existed in Europe long before the more immediate economic and social crises that challenged the democratic order