An Introduction to Laws and Regulations Flashcards
6 Essential Principles: American Democracy
+ Majority Rules
+Protection of political rights of minorities
+ Citizens agree to be ruled by a system of laws
+Free exchange of ideas & opinions
+Equality of all Citizens
+Government exists to serve the people
What are the branches of government
+ Legislative - Makes Laws (Congress - (House of Representatives and Senate)
+ Executive - Enforces the Laws (Presidents, VP, Cabinet and most federal agencies)
+ Judicial - Evaluates/Interpret Laws (Supreme Court and other courts)
Legislative Branch contain
Two Houses
+ US Senate - 100 members (2 for each state)
+ House of Representatives - 435 members (appointed to their total population)
Two houses form Congress and are responsible for passing statutory or legislative law
Specific Powers given to Congress (per the constitution)
- Levy and collect taxes
- Make rules and regulations governing commerce among the states and with foreign countries
- Make uniform rules for the naturalization of foreign citizens
- Make all laws necessary to enforce the Constitution
Judicial Branch consists of
The federal court system with the Supreme Court being the top entity
Supreme Court consist of
Nine Justices
Judicial Branch: In food law
often includes disputes between an enforcement agency and a food company
Executive Branch consist of
The president and their cabinet along with cabinet departments and independent agencies
Executive Branch: President’s Powers
- Veto legislation
- Appoint federal judges
- Introduce legislation to congress
- Appoint ambassadors, ministers, and consuls to aid in foreign relations
- Appoint heads of executive departments and independent agencies
(Decides leadership positions over CDC and leads the USDA)
Three things a bill should contain
+ Statutory provisions (which describe what legislation will prohibit, what is required, etc.)
+ Administrative provisions (which describe who will be responsible for and enforce the statue, usually a department or agency)
+ Judicial provisions (which describe which courts will handle disputes and aid enforcement)
6 main steps for a bill to become a law
1) Introduction
2) Consideration in Committee
3) Reintroduction
4) Debate in Congress
5) Presidential Action
6) Enrollment
Bill to Law: 1) Introduction
+ Introduced from the floor by a senator
+ Bill is signed to a standing committee for consideration
+ Bill is printed by the government printing office
Bill to Law: 2) Consideration in committee
+ after reports from standing/sub committee several actions can be taken
+ the rules committee decides when and and how the bill will be discussed
Actions taken in Consideration in Committee
+ Pigeonhole the bill
+ Report the bill out of committee favorably (recommended to the house of origination that is was passed) no changes
+ Mark up the bill (amend the bill-light changes made)
+ Throw out the bill
+ Report the bill out unfavorably
Bill to Law: 3) Reintroduction
+ it’s reintroduced by the standing committee to the full senate or house
+ The bill is then considered reported out of the committee
