AMT 2105 ( AVIATION SAFETY) Prelims

Question 1

is the state in which the possibility of harm to persons or of the property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below.

Answer 1

Safety

Question 2

The history of the progress in aviation safety can be divided into how many eras?

Answer 2

Three

Question 3

from the early 1900s until the late 1960s. Aviation emerged as a form of mass
transportation in which identified safety deficiencies were initially related to technical factors and technological
failures.

Answer 3

The Technical Era

Question 4

from the early 1970s until the mid-1990s. In the early 1970s, the frequency of aviation accidents was significantly reduced due to major technological advances and enhancements to safety regulations.

Answer 4

The Human Factor Era

Question 5

from the mid-1990s to the present day. During the organizational era safety began
to be viewed from a systemic perspective, which was to encompass organizational factors in addition to human
and technical factors.

Answer 5

The organizational era

Question 6

are actions or inactions, including errors and violations, which have an immediate adverse effect.
They are generally viewed, with the benefit of hindsight, as unsafe acts.

Answer 6

Active Failures

Question 7

are those that exist in the aviation system well before a damaging outcome is experienced.

Answer 7

Latent Conditions

Question 8

are factors that directly influence the efficiency of people in aviation workplaces

Answer 8

Workplace conditions

Question 9

The SHEL(L) Model contains the following four components:

Answer 9

Software
Harrware
Environment
Liverware

Question 10

refers to the relationship between the human and the physical attributes of equipment, machines and facilities.

Answer 10

Liverware- Hardware

Question 11

is the relationship between the human and the
supporting systems found in the workplace, e.g. regulations, manuals, checklists, publications,
standard operating procedures (SOPs) and computer software.

Answer 11

Liverware-Software

Question 12

is the relationship among persons in the work
environment. Since flight crews, air traffic controllers, aircraft maintenance engineers and other
operational personnel function in groups, it is important to recognize that communication and
interpersonal skills, as well as group dynamics, play a role in determining human performance.

Answer 12

Liverware-Liverware

Question 13

involves the relationship between the human and both
the internal and external environments. The internal workplace environment includes such physical
considerations as temperature, ambient light, noise, vibration and air quality.

Answer 13

Liverware-Environment

Question 14

An action or inaction by an operational person that leads to deviations from organizational or the
operational person’s intentions or expectation.

Answer 14

Error

Question 15

Errors can be divided into the two following categories:

Answer 15

Slips and Lapses & Mistakes

Question 16

provide direct intervention to reduce or eliminate the factors contributing to
the error.

Answer 16

Reduction strategies

Question 17

assume the error will be made. The intent is to ―capture‖ the error before any adverse consequences of the error are felt.

Answer 17

Capture strategies

Question 18

refer to the ability of a system to accept that an error will be made but without experiencing serious consequences.

Answer 18

Tolerance strategies

Question 19

defined as “a deliberate act of willful misconduct or omission resulting in a deviation from
established regulations, procedures, norms or practices.

Answer 19

Violations

Question 20

are committed in response to factors experienced in a specific context, such
as time pressure or high workload.

Answer 20

Situatuonal Violations

Question 21

become the normal way of doing business within a work group. Such violations are committed in response to situations in which compliance with established procedures makes task
completion difficult.

Answer 21

Routine Violations

Question 22

may be considered as an extension of routine violations. This type of violation tends to occur when an organization attempts to meet increased output demands by ignoring or stretching its safety defences.

Answer 22

Organizationally induced violations