AMS - Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

Cellular Division

Answer 1

There are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Most of the time when people refer to “cell division,” they mean mitosis, the process of making new body cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells. Mitosis is a fundamental process for life.

Question 2

Egg Cell

Answer 2

The egg cell or ovum ( pl. : ova) is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms (organisms that reproduce sexually with a larger, female gamete and a smaller, male one). The term is used when the female gamete is not capable of movement (non-motile).

Question 3

Epigenetic

Answer 3

Epigenetics refers to how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work. Unlike genetic changes (mutations), epigenetic changes are reversible and do not change the sequence of DNA bases, but they can change how your body reads a DNA sequence.

Question 4

Fertilization

Answer 4

Conception (or fertilization) is when sperm and an egg join together. It’s one of the many steps that happen to create a pregnancy. Conception is closely related to a person’s menstrual cycle.

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The genome is the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell

Question 6

Inherited Traits

Answer 6

Inherited traits are those characteristics that are passed from parents to their children

Question 7

Multicellular Organism

Answer 7

Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell.

Question 8

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 8

Sexual reproduction, the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes. In most species the genetic information is carried on chromosomes in the nucleus of reproductive cells called gametes, which then fuse to form a diploid zygote.

Question 9

Sperm Cell

Answer 9

Sperm are male sex cells with three main parts: a head, midpiece and tail. People assigned male at birth (AMAB) start to produce sperm around puberty.

Question 10

Autosomal

Answer 10

“Autosomal” means that the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes. “Dominant” means that a single copy of the mutated gene (from one parent) is enough to cause the disorder.

Question 11

Complete Dominance

Answer 11

Complete dominance is a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele; consequently, both alleles must be recessive for the recessive allele to be expressed.

Question 12

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 12

A dihybrid cross describes a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits. A hybrid organism is one that is heterozygous, which means that is carries two different alleles at a particular genetic position, or locus.

Question 13

F1 (first filial)

Answer 13

The first filial generation, or F1 generation, is the first generation of offspring from a monohybrid cross. The parental generation is the P generation.

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

The second filial generation consists of the offsprings of the F1 generation. The F2 generation is defined as the result of a cross between two F1 individuals.

Question 15

Genotypic Ratio

Answer 15

The genotypic ratio is the ratio depicting the different genotypes of the offspring from a test cross. It represents the pattern of offspring distribution according to genotype, which is the genetic constitution determining the phenotype of an organism.

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 16

There are five basic Hardy-Weinberg assumptions: no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 17

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 18

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 18

Incomplete dominance pertains to the genetic phenomenon in which the distinct gene products from the two codominant alleles in a heterozygote blend to form a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygotes.

Question 19

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 19

A monohybrid cross is the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait.” “The cross between two monohybrid traits (TT and tt) is called a Monohybrid Cross.”

Question 20

P (parental) generation

Answer 20

The p generation is the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment. The first generation that is produced by the p generation is called the F1 generation. The generation that is produced by crossbreeding the F1 generation is called the F2 generation.

Question 21

Phenotypic Ratio

Answer 21

The phenotypic ratio definition is the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross.

Question 22

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 22

Polygenic inheritance is when two or more genes effect the expression of one trait.

Question 23

Population

Answer 23

A population is a group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at a particular time that can potentially interbreed.

Question 24

Ratio

Answer 24

the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.

Question 25

Variation

Answer 25

A variation is a change or slight difference in a level, amount, or quantity.