AMS - Ecology List 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Abiotic Factors

A

An abiotic factor is a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment.

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2
Q

Autotrophs

A

an organism that serves as a primary producer in a food chain.

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3
Q

Biotic Fatcors

A

Biotic factors are living things within an ecosystem; such as plants, animals, and bacteria.

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4
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Bioaccumulation means an increase in the concentration of a chemical in a biological organism over time, compared to the chemical’s concentration in the environment.

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5
Q

Carbon SInk

A

A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases – for example, plants, the ocean and soil. In contrast, a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon into the atmosphere than it absorbs – for example, the burning of fossil fuels or volcanic eruptions.

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6
Q

Carnivore

A

A carnivore is an organism that mostly eats meat, or the flesh of animals.

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7
Q

Commensalism

A

An association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

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8
Q

Competition

A

Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply

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9
Q

Consumer

A

organisms that consume other organisms to obtain their energy.

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10
Q

Decomposer

A

an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.

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11
Q

Ecosystem

A

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

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12
Q

Energy Pyramid

A

An energy pyramid is a model that shows the flow of energy from one trophic, or feeding, level to the next in an ecosystem.

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13
Q

Food Chain

A

A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another

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14
Q

Food Web

A

A food web consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem.

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15
Q

Habitat

A

the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

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16
Q

Herbivore

A

An herbivore is an animal that mainly eats plants.

17
Q

Heterotrophs

A

an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.

18
Q

Leaching

A

Leaching occurs as excess water removes water-soluble nutrients out of the soil, by runoff or drainage.

19
Q

Limiting Factor

A

A limiting factor is anything that constrains a population’s size and slows or stops it from growing

20
Q

Mutualism

A

An association between organisms of two different species in which each benefits.

21
Q

Niche

A

In ecology, the term “niche” describes the role an organism plays in a community.

22
Q

Ocean Acidification

A

Ocean acidification refers to a reduction in the pH of the ocean over an extended period of time, caused primarily by uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.

23
Q

Omnivore

A

An omnivore is an organism that regularly consumes a variety of material, including plants, animals, algae, and fungi.

24
Q

Parasitism

A

Parasitism is generally defined as a relationship between the two living species in which one organism is benefitted at the expense of the other.

25
Q

Phytoplankton

A

plankton consisting of microscopic plants.

26
Q

Pioneer Species

A

The term pioneer is used to describe the species that first colonize new habitats created by disturbance.

27
Q

Population

A

A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area

28
Q

Predation

A

Predation is the ecological process by which energy is transferred from living animal to living animal based on the behavior of a predator that captures and kills a prey before eating it.

29
Q

Predator

A

an animal that naturally preys on others.

30
Q

Prey

A

an animal that is caught and killed by another for food.

31
Q

Primary Succession

A

Primary succession happens when a new patch of land is created or exposed for the first time.

32
Q

Producer

A

Producers are organisms that can make their food, such as trees, shrubs, grass, algae, lichen, seaweed, and some bacteria.

33
Q

Secondary Succession

A

Secondary succession happens when a climax community or intermediate community is impacted by a disturbance.

34
Q

Species Overshoot

A

when the population of a species significantly exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment.

35
Q

Sustainability

A

Ecological sustainability is defined as the maintenance or restoration of the composition, structure, and processes of ecosystems including the diversity of plant and animal communities and the productive capacity of ecological systems.