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PTA musculoskeletal > amputations and prothetics > Flashcards

amputations and prothetics Flashcards

1
Q

forequarter (scapulothoracic)

A

surgical removal of the upper extremity including the shoulder girdle

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2
Q

Shoulder disarticulation

A

surgical removal of the upper extremity through the shoulder

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3
Q

transhumeral

A

surgical removal of the upper extremity proximal to the elbow joint

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4
Q

elbow disarticulation

A

surgical removal of the lower arm and hand through the elbow joint

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5
Q

transradial

A

surgical removal of the upper extremity distal to the elbow joint

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6
Q

wrist disarticulation

A

surgical removal of the hand through the wrist joint

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7
Q

partial hand

A

surgical removal of a portion of the hand and or digits at either the transcarpal, transmetacarpal or transphalangeal level

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8
Q

digital amputaion

A

surgica lremoval of a digit at either metacarpophlangeal, proxiamal interphalangeal or distal interphalangeal level

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9
Q

hemicorporectomy

A

surgical removal of the pelvis and both lower extremities

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10
Q

hemipelvectomy

A

surgical removal of one half of the pelvis and the lower extremity

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11
Q

hop disarticulation

A

surgical removal of the lower extremity from the pelvis

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12
Q

ransfemoral

A

surgical removal of the lower extremity above the knee joint

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13
Q

knee disarticulation

A

surgical removal of the lower extremity

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14
Q

transitibal

A

surgical removal of the lower extremity below the knee joint

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15
Q

syme’s

A

surgical removal of the foot at the ankle joint with removal of the malleoli

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16
Q

verse tarsal (chopart’s)

A

amputation through the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints. The amputation preserves the plantar flexors, but sacrifices the dorsiflexors often resulting in an equinus contracture

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17
Q

tarsometatarsal (lisfanc)

A

surgical removal of the metatarsals. The amputation preserves the dorsiflexors and plantar flexors.

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18
Q

Sockets for transradial

A

standard socket covers 2/3 of forearm
standard sockets may be shortened to allow for increased pronation/supination ability
supracondylar sockets are self-suspending and require no additional harness apparatus

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19
Q

socket for transhumeral

A

extends to acromion level
modified design allows for more stability with rotational movement
lightweight friction units may be used with passive prosthetic arms

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20
Q

suspension for transradial

A

triceps cuff
harness
cable system

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21
Q

suspension for transhumeral

A

harness
cable system
suction

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22
Q

elbow unit for transradial

A

attaches to either triceps cuff or upper arm pad
flexible or rigid hinge connects sockets to proximal component

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23
Q

elbow unit for transhumeral

A

internal or external locking elbow unit

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24
Q

wrist unit for transradial

A

quick change unit
wrist flexion unit
ball and socket
constant friction

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25
Q

wrist unit for transhumeral

A

quick change unit
wrist flexion unit
ball and socket
constant friction

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26
Q

terminal device for transradial

A

voluntary opening or closing
body powered, externally powered, myoelectric or hybrid
hook, mechanical hand, cosmetic glove

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27
Q

terminal device for transhumeral

A

voluntary opening or closing
body powered, externally powered, myoelectric or hybrid
hook, mechanical hand, cosmetic glove

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28
Q

Socket for transfemoral

A

quadrilateral socket
ischial containment sockete

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29
Q

Socket for transfemoral

A

quadrilateral socket
ischial containment socket

30
Q

socket for transtibial

A

patella tendon bearing socket (PTB)
supracondylar patella tendon socket (PTS)
supracondylar - suprapatellar socket (SC-SP)

31
Q

suspension for transfemoral

A

lanyard strap
shuttle lock
suction - seal in liner suction or skin fit suction
partial suction - Silesian bandage or pelvic belt/band
vacume

32
Q

suspension for transtibial

A

supracondylar cuff
thigh corset
supracondylar brim
rubber/neoprene sleeve suspension
waist belt with fork strap
suction with knee sleeve
shuttle lock
vacume

33
Q

knee for transfemoral

A

single axis knee
polycentric knee
hydraulic knee
microprocessor knee

34
Q

knee for trantibial

A

not needed

35
Q

shank for tranfemoral

A

exoskeleton - rigid exterior
endoskeleton 0 pylon covered with foam

36
Q

shank for transtibial

A

exoskeleton - rigid exterior
endoskeleton 0 pylon covered with foam

37
Q

foot system for transfemoral

A

solid ankle cushion heel (SACH)
stationary attachment flexible endoskeleton (SAFE)
single axis
multi-axial
hydraulic
powered
dynamic response

38
Q

foot system for transtibial1

A

solid ankle cushion heel (SACH)
stationary attachment flexible endoskeleton (SAFE)
single axis
multi-axial
hydraulic
powered
dynamic response

39
Q

advantage of rigid (plaster or Paris)

A

allows early ambulation with pylon
promotes circulation and healing
stimulates proprioception
provides protection
provides soft tissue support
limits edema
ability to utilize an IPOP (immediate post-operative prothesis)

40
Q

disadvantage of rigde (plaster of paris )

A

immediate wound inspection is not possible
does not allow for daily dressing change
requires professional application

41
Q

advantage of non weight bearing rigid removable limb protectors

A

removable
accommodates edema fluctuation
easily applied
prevents contracture
provides protection

42
Q

disadvantage of non weight bearing rigid removable limb protectors

A

not for ambulatory purposes

43
Q

advantages for semi-rigid (unna paste, air splint)

A

reduces post operative edema
provides soft tissue support
allows for earlier ambulation
provides protection
easily changeable

44
Q

disadvantage for semi-rigid (unna paste, air splint)

A

does not protect as well as rigid dressing
requires more changing than rigid dressing
ma loosen and allow for development of edema

45
Q

advantage of soft (ace wrap shrinker)

A

reduces post operative edema
provides some protection
relatively inexpensive
easily remove for wound inspection
allows for active joint range of motion

46
Q

disadvantage for soft (ace wrap shrinker)

A

tissue healing is interrupted by frequent dressing changes
joint range of motion may delay the healing of the incision
less control of residual limb pain
cannot control the amount of tension in the basndage
risk of torniquet effect
shrinker cannot be applied until sutures staples are removed

47
Q

pre-prosthetic phase

A

about 6 weeks
focuses on protecting limb, preventing contractures, developing single limb mobility skills, prepare patient for prosthetic phase

48
Q

anchor wrap above ___ for transtibial amputations

A

knee

49
Q

anchor wrap around ___ for transsfemoral amputations

A

pelvis

50
Q

use __ in wrap for UE amputation

A

2-4

51
Q

use __ in wrap for transtibuial amputation

A

3-4

52
Q

use __ in wrap for transfemoral amputation

A

6

53
Q

neuroma

A

bundle of nerve ending that group together and can produce pain due to scar tissue, pressure form the prothesis or tension on the residual limb

54
Q

lateral bending prosthetic causes

A

prosthesis too short
improperly shaped lateral wall
high medial wall
prothesis aligned in abduction

55
Q

lateral bending amputee causes

A

poor balance
abduction contracture
improper training
short residual limb
weak hip abductors on prosthetic side
hypersensitive and painful residual limb

56
Q

abducted gait prosthetic causes

A

prosthesis tooo long
high medial wall
poorly shaped lateral wall
prosthesis positioned in abduction
inadequate suspension
excessive knee friction

57
Q

abducted gait for amputee causes

A

abduction contracture
improper training
adductor roll
weak hip flexors and adductors
pain over lateral residual limb

58
Q

circumducted gait prosthetic causes

A

prosthesis too long
excessive knee friction
socket too small
excessive plantar flexion

59
Q

circumducted gait amputee causes

A

abduction contracture
improper training
weak hip flexors
lacks confidence to flex the knee
painful anterior distal residual limb
inability to initiate prosthetic knee flexion

60
Q

excessive knee flexion during stance prosthetic causes

A

socket set forward in relation to foot
excessive dorsiflexion
stiff feel
prosthesis too long

61
Q

excessive knee flexion during stance amputee causes

A

knee flexion contracture
hop flexion contracture
pain anteriorly in residual limb
decreased in quadriceps strength
poor balance

62
Q

vaulting prosthetic causes

A

prosthesis too long
inadequate socket suspension
excessive alignment stability
excessive plantar flexion

63
Q

vaulting amputee causes

A

residual limb discomfort
improper training
fear of stubbing toe
short residual limb
painful hip residual limb

64
Q

rotation of forefoot at heel strike prosthetic causes

A

excessive toe-out built in
loose fitting socket
inadequate suspension
rigid SACH heel cushin

65
Q

rotation of forefoot at heel strike amputee causes

A

poor muscle control improper training
weak medial rotators
short residual limb

66
Q

forward trunk flexion prosthetic causes

A

socket too big
poor suspension
knee instability

67
Q

forward trunk flexion amputee causes

A

hip flexion contracture
weak hip extensors
pain with ischial weight bearing
inability to initiate prosthetic knee flexion

68
Q

medial or lateral whip prosthetic causes

A

excessive rotation of the knee
tight socket fit
valgus in the prosthetic knee
improper alignment of toe break

69
Q

medial or lateral whip amputee causes

A

improper training
weak hip rotators
knee instability

70
Q

dysvascular

A

disease of the blood vessels
peripheral vascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, and complication related to diabetes

PTA musculoskeletal (4 decks)

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